ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical policy and practice2024
Impact of pharmacist interventions on immunisation uptake: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of pharmacists regarding vaccinations against influenza and pneumococci - a systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Trends and patterns of pharmacist-administered vaccination in a predominantly Western Australian pharmacy group: retrospective analysis of routinely collected data.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Impact of an Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Course on Enhancing Pharmacists' Knowledge.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and willingness of community pharmacists to provide vaccination services: a web-based cross-sectional survey in Uganda.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators for pharmacist-led vaccination services: A systematic review using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Review
- Pharmacist-Led Flu Vaccination Services in Romanian Community Pharmacies: Barriers, Perceptions, and Implementation Challenges.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perspectives and Experiences of Community Pharmacists on Vaccine and Cold Chain: A Qualitative Study.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Perspectives of healthcare professionals on the pharmacist's role in delivering vaccinations for patients with cancer: a qualitative study using role theory.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Leveraging the role of pharmacists in vaccine education and uptake among newcomers to Ontario.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC · 2025Article
- Community pharmacy workforce willingness, readiness, and infrastructural capacity to deliver vaccination services: a cross-sectional survey in Nigeria.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Quality and safety requirements for pharmacy-based vaccination in resource-limited countries.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Review
- Pharmacists' Role in HPV Vaccine Uptake Among Women: A Scoping Review of Interventions and Barriers.International journal of women's health · 2025Review
- Community pharmacists' knowledge, beliefs, and perceived barriers toward vaccination services at community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Vaccination Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions, and Educational Needs of Pharmacists in Singapore: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- European community pharmacists practice in tackling influenza.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Review
- Implementation of a Targeted Technologic Screening Tool to Increase Pneumococcal Vaccine Uptake in Health-System Retail Pharmacies: A Quality Improvement Initiative.Innovations in pharmacy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Under-utilisation of immunisation services remains a public health challenge. Pharmacists act as facilitators and increasingly as immunisers, yet relatively little robust evidence exists of the impact elicited on patient health outcome and vaccination uptake. Objective: To evaluate the influence of pharmacist interventions on public vaccination rate. Methods: SCOPUS, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 2023 to retrieve non- and randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Studies were excluded if no comparator group to pharmacist involvement was reported. Data extraction, risk of bias assessments, and meta-analyses using random-effect models, were performed. Results: Four RCTs and 15 non-RCTs, encompassing influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, and tetanus-diphtheria and pertussis vaccine types, and administered in diverse settings including community pharmacies, were included. Pooled effect sizes revealed that, as compared to usual care, pharmacists, regardless of their intervention, improved the overall immunisation uptake by up to 51% [RR 1.51 (1.28, 1.77)] while immunisation frequency doubled when pharmacists acted specifically as advocators [RR 2.09 (1.42, 3.07)]. Conclusion: While the evidence for pharmacist immunisers was mixed, their contribution to immunisation programmes boosted public vaccination rate. Pharmacists demonstrated leadership and acquired indispensable advocator roles in the community and hospital settings. Future research could explore the depth of engagement and hence the extent of influence on immunisation uptake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.