ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
The Mechanisms of Altered Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in CD19 CAR T-Cell Recipients.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of shRNA-IL-6-engineered CAR-T cells for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a stepping stone toward risk-free immunotherapy.Bioscience reports · 2026Pooled it
- Guillain-Barre syndrome in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: an individual participant data meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Emerging Neuroprotective Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Pathology associated with human CAR T cell administration in NOD.Cg-Veterinary pathology · 2026Article
- CD4Nature medicine · 2026Article
- FAM168B identified as a novel candidate target for chimeric antigen receptor T cell-based cancer therapy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Endotheliopathy in CAR T-Cell Therapy: Mechanistic Insights into the VWF/ADAMTS13 Axis and the Angiopoietin-Tie2 Pathway.TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Review
- Guarding the heart in the era of immunotherapies: insights for cardio-oncology practice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Real-world safety profile of T-cell engagers: evidence from multi-database analysis with CAR-T comparisons.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome following CAR T-cell therapy: a review of recent advances.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Routine prophylaxis with levetiracetam offers no benefit in CD19 CAR-T for LBCL: a multicenter propensity-matched study.Blood advances · 2025Article
- CCR5 predicts neurotoxicity in CAR-T-cell therapy.British journal of haematology · 2025Article
- Review
- Endothelial dysfunction and hemostatic imbalance in CAR T-cell-associated toxicities: pathophysiological insights and the role of circulating biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CAR T-cell therapy for neurological disorders: scientific rationale and mechanistic insights.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- Change in Neurocognitive Function in Patients Who Receive CAR-T Cell Therapies: A Steep Hill to Climb.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a highly effective immunotherapy for relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies, but their utility can be limited by the development of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). The recent discovery of CD19 expression on the pericytes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) suggests an important off-target mechanism for ICANS development. In addition, the release of systemic cytokines stimulated by the engagement of CD19 with the CAR T cells can cause endothelial activation and decreased expression of tight junction molecules, further damaging the integrity of the BBB. Once within the brain microenvironment, cytokines trigger a cytokine-specific cascade of neuroinflammatory responses, which manifest clinically as a spectrum of neurological changes. Brain imaging is frequently negative or nonspecific, and treatment involves close neurologic monitoring, supportive care, interleukin antagonists, and steroids. The goal of this review is to inform readers about the normal development and microstructure of the BBB, its unique susceptibility to CD19 CAR T cells, the role of individual cytokines on specific elements of the brain's microstructural environment, and the clinical and imaging manifestations of ICANS. Our review will link cellular pathophysiology with the clinical and radiological manifestations of a complex clinical entity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.