ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
The Immune Signature of CSF in Multiple Sclerosis with and without Oligoclonal Bands: A Machine Learning Approach to Proximity Extension Assay Analysis.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- CSF Proteins Associated With Neuroaxonal Damage in Early Active Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Reference proteins to improve Core 1 and Core 2 Alzheimer's disease CSF and plasma biomarkers.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics and machine learning prioritize key immune genes for multiple sclerosis risk prediction.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Article
- Role of CD5 signalling for pro-inflammatory Th17 response in multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- A machine learning model for predicting oligoclonal band positivity using routine cerebrospinal fluid and serum biochemical markers.American journal of clinical pathology · 2025Article
- Semi-Supervised Learning for Predicting Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- CSF biomarkers of B-cell activation in multiple sclerosis: a clinical perspective.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Artificial Intelligence and Multiple Sclerosis.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Big data and artificial intelligence applied to blood and CSF fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) relies on clinical evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Reliable biomarkers are needed to differentiate MS from other neurological conditions and to define the underlying pathogenesis. This study aimed to comprehensively profile immune activation biomarkers in the CSF of individuals with MS and explore distinct signatures between MS with and without oligoclonal bands (OCB). A total of 118 subjects, including relapsing-remitting MS with OCB (MS OCB+) (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.