Observational studyNutrients2023
Malnutrition, Functional Decline, and Institutionalization in Older Adults after Hospital Discharge Following Community-Acquired Pneumonia.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a TUG-based graded multi-component exercise program for reversing frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a multi-center randomized controlled trial.BMC geriatrics · 2026Trial
- A Machine Learning-Derived Risk Scorecard for Pneumonia Hospitalization in Japanese Old-Old Adults.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- Multidimensional Assessment of Nutritional Status Among Hospitalized Older Adults With Pneumonia at a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Adipose Reserves and Survival: Protective in Prefrail but Ineffective in Frail Oldest-Old.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Reducing the complications from community acquired pneumonia: a review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Immune risk phenotype and long-term mortality after community-acquired pneumonia in older adults: clinical and immune determinants.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Micronutrient Status, Health Implications, and Assessment Aproaches in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Recent Studies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Non-antimicrobial interventions in recovery from community-acquired pneumonia in adults.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2026Review
- In-hospital outcomes and documented 90-day readmission to the index hospital in older patients with Parkinson's disease hospitalised for lower respiratory tract infection: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for early nutritional risk stratification in elderly patients with pulmonary sepsis: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Factors associated with nutritional status improvement in hospitalized oldest-old adults at nutritional risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Risk Factors, Pathogen Distribution, and Treatment Strategies for Mortality in Elderly Patients with Pulmonary Bacterial Infections.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- Standardized Prospective Intervention in Hospitalized Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a machine learning approach using C-reactive protein to albumin ratio.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Reframing Micronutrient Deficiencies for Modern times: A Review.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Review
- A retrospective analysis of mental well-being, nutritional status, and comorbidity burden in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of malnutrition in older adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major threat to older adults, but mid-term implications are poorly described. The aim was to analyze functional decline, institutionalization, malnutrition, and risk factors after hospital admission for CAP.
methodsThis prospective observational study included patients over 65 years discharged after CAP between May 2019 and July 2021. We performed a comprehensive geriatric assessment and a general nutritional assessment 30-60 days after CAP. This included the MNA and blood test with trace elements and vitamins. The main outcomes were functional decline, institutionalization, and malnutrition. Multivariate logistic regression was used for the analyses.
resultsIn total, 144 patients of 77.15 ± 7.91 years, 55.6% male, and 9% previously institutionalized were analyzed. At hospital admission, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 1.5 ± 1.6, the Pneumonia Severity Index was 98.1 ± 25.9, and the previous Barthel Index (BI) was 93.06 ± 17.13. Hospital stay was 9.72 ± 7.88 days. After 44.6 ± 14.4 days, 48.6% patients showed functional decline and 19.4% were institutionalized. Age (OR 1.17; CI 95% 1.09-1.26), previous institutionalization (29.1; 3.7-224.7), BI (1.09; 1.05-1.14), CCI (1.5; 1.1-2.1), and length of stay (1.1, 1.02-1.18) were independently associated with functional decline. The only predictors of new institutionalization were previous BI (0.96; 0.93-0.99) and length of stay (1.06; 1.00-1.13). The MNA indicated malnutrition in 28% of the community-dwelling patients and 67.9% of those institutionalized, with risk of malnutrition being 45.7% and 9.5%, respectively, after an average of 44.6 days of CAP diagnosis. The predictors of malnutrition were previous institutionalization (10.62; 2.20-51.21), BI (0.95; 0.92-0.98), and length of stay (1.12; 1.04-1.20). Micronutrient deficiencies were mainly zinc (61.8%), vitamin D (54.5%), and vitamin C (45.1%). An MNA score < 17 points or hypoalbuminemia showed good specificity to identify these deficiencies.
conclusionsAfter CAP admission, functional decline, institutionalization, and malnutrition rates were high. Longer hospital stay was a common risk factor for all outcomes. The presence of hypoalbuminemia or an MNA < 17 in older patients should prompt suspicion of deficiencies in micronutrients, such as vitamin D, C, and zinc.
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