ArticlePolymers2023
Influence of Post-Processing on the Degree of Conversion and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polyurethane Aligners.
Article in Polymers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Direct-printed aligners in orthodontics: Integrating digital design, materials science, and clinical biomechanics.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2026Review
- Functionalization of a Shape-Memory 3D-Printed Clear Aligner Resin with Silanized Chitosan Nanoparticles: Antibacterial, Optical, Polymerization, and Mechanical Evaluation.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Article
- Next-Generation Orthodontics: Functional Resins, Biomechanics, Biocompatibility, and Current Clinical Reality of Direct 3D-Printed Aligners.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Article
- Evaluating chemical and surface stability of thermoformed and 3D-printed clear aligners after intraoral exposure.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Biocompatibility and Safety of 3D Printing Resins for Orthodontic Aligners: A Critical Review of Current Evidence.Polymers · 2025Review
- Three-Dimensionally Printed Splints in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear aligners.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of various cleaning protocols on the physical and aesthetic properties of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of post-processing on the surface, optical, mechanical, and dimensional properties of 3D-printed orthodontic clear retainers.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- 4D-Printed Smart Materials in Clear Aligner Fabrication: A Comprehensive Review :.Galen medical journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Color and Chemical Stability of 3D-Printed and Thermoformed Polyurethane-Based Aligners.Polymers · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study explores how different post-processing methods affect the mechanical properties and degree of conversion of 3d-printed polyurethane aligners made from Tera Harz TC-85 resin.
methodsUsing Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the degree of conversion of liquid resin and post-processed materials was analyzed. This investigation focused on the effects of various post-curing environments (nitrogen vs. air) and rinsing protocols (centrifuge, ethanol, isopropanol, and isopropanol + water). The assessed mechanical properties were flexural modulus and hardness.
resultsThe degree of conversion showed no significant variance across different groups, though the polymerization environment influenced the results, accounting for 24.0% of the variance. The flexural modulus varied considerably, depending on both the rinsing protocol and the polymerization environment. The standard protocol (centrifugation followed by nitrogen polymerization) exhibited the highest flexural modulus of 1881.22 MPa. Hardness testing revealed significant differences, with isopropanol treatments showing increased resistance to wear in comparison to the centrifuge and ethanol rinse treatments.
conclusionsThis study conclusively demonstrates the adverse effects of oxygen on the polymerization process, underscoring the critical need for an oxygen-free environment to optimize material properties. Notably, the ethanol rinse followed by nitrogen polymerization protocol emerged as a viable alternative to the conventional centrifuge plus nitrogen method.
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