Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38200454›Full record

ArticleBMC nephrology2024

Plasma proenkephalin A and incident chronic kidney disease and albuminuria in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.

Alexander L Bullen, Ronit Katz, Sayna Poursadrolah, Samuel A P Short, D Leann Long, Katharine L Cheung, Shilpa Sharma, Tala Al-Rousan, Alma Fregoso, Janin Schulte and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC nephrology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Alexander L BullenNephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA. abullen@health.ucsd.edu.
Ronit KatzUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sayna PoursadrolahDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Samuel A P ShortUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
D Leann LongDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Katharine L CheungDivision of Nephrology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Shilpa SharmaDivision of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tala Al-RousanDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Alma FregosoSchool of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Janin SchulteSphingoTec GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany.
Orlando M GutierrezDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Michael G ShlipakKidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mary CushmanDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Joachim H IxNephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Dena E RifkinNephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
University of California San Diego · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Vermont · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

VCID and Stroke in a Bi-racial National CohortU01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2002 to 2022
$96.0M
Blood Pressure Control Advancing Refugee Health Equity (BPCARE): an RCT of adherenceR01HL173155 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Tala Al-Rousan · 2025 to 2026
$1.3M
Hypertension Self-management in Refugees Living in San DiegoK23HL148530 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI AL-ROUSAN, TALA · 2020 to 2024
$882k
Mentored Patient Oriented Research in Kidney DiseaseK24DK110427 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI IX, JOACHIM H · 2016 to 2020
$780k
Kidney Tubule Cell Function and Future Risk of Acute Kidney InjuryIK2BX004986 · VA · VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · PI Alexander Lionel Bullen · 2020 to 2026
–
BLRD VA IK2 BX004986NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL148530NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL173155NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK110427NIDDK NIH HHS K24DK110427NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS041588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPlasma proenkephalin A (PENK-A) is a precursor of active enkephalins. Higher blood concentrations have been associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in European populations. Due to the significant disparity in incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) between White and Black people, we evaluated the association of PENK-A with incident CKD and other kidney outcomes among a biracial cohort in the U.S.

methodsIn a nested cohort of 4,400 participants among the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke, we determined the association between baseline PENK-A concentration and incident CKD using the creatinine-cystatin C CKD-EPI 2021 equation without race coefficient, significant eGFR decline, and incident albuminuria between baseline and a follow-up visit 9.4 years later. We tested for race and sex interactions. We used inverse probability sampling weights to account for the sampling design.

resultsAt baseline, mean (SD) age was 64 (8) years, 49% were women, and 52% were Black participants. 8.5% developed CKD, 21% experienced ≥ 30% decline in eGFR and 18% developed albuminuria. There was no association between PENK-A and incident CKD and no difference by race or sex. However, higher PENK-A was associated with increased odds of progressive eGFR decline (OR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.00, 1.25). Higher PENK-A concentration was strongly associated with incident albuminuria among patients without diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.29; 95% CI 1.09, 1.53).

conclusionWhile PENK-A was not associated with incident CKD, its associations with progression of CKD and incident albuminuria, among patients without diabetes, suggest that it might be a useful tool in the evaluation of kidney disease among White and Black patients.

Indexed as

Protein PrecursorsRenal Insufficiency, ChronicStrokeAlbuminuriaEnkephalinsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRace FactorsEnkephalinsproenkephalinProtein Precursorsalbuminuriabiomarkerchronic kidney diseaseproenkephalin A

Identifiers

PMID38200454
PMCPMC10782722
OpenAlexW4390707504

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.