Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38200183›Full record

ArticleNature neuroscience2024

Distributional reinforcement learning in prefrontal cortex.

Timothy H Muller, James L Butler, Sebastijan Veselic, Bruno Miranda, Joni D Wallis, Peter Dayan, Timothy E J Behrens, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, Steven W Kennerley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Review
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  9. Neural representations of beliefs in a multi-dimensional inference task.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Habenula-ventral tegmental area functional coupling and risk aversion in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Striatal Gradient in Value-Decay Explains Regional Differences in Dopamine Patterns and Reinforcement Learning Computations.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Dissociable Representations of Decision Variables within Subdivisions of the Macaque Orbital and Ventrolateral Frontal Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Timothy H MullerDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. timothymuller127@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5817-4949
James L ButlerDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sebastijan VeselicDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bruno MirandaDepartment of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4660-6051
Joni D WallisDepartment of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7262-7417
Peter DayanMax Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-1839
Timothy E J BehrensWellcome Trust Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-1177
Zeb Kurth-NelsonGoogle DeepMind, London, UK. zebkurthnelson@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0119-1289
Steven W KennerleyDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. steven.kennerley@psy.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-7507

Funding

Frontostriatal Rhythms Underlying Reinforcement Learning.R01MH117763 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI WALLIS, JONI D · 2018 to 2022
$2.3M
Neuronal mechanisms of model-based learningR01MH131624 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI WALLIS, JONI D · 2023 to 2024
$1.3M
Large-scale recordings in Primate Prefrontal Cortex: Mechanisms of Value and AttentionR01NS116623 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MOORE, TIRIN, WALLIS, JONI D · 2023 to 2024
$1.0M
The Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Choice Behavior in the Frontal LobeF32MH081521 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI KENNERLEY, STEVE WAYNE · 2007 to 2009
$130k
NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH081521NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117763NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH131624NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS116623Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prefrontal cortex is crucial for learning and decision-making. Classic reinforcement learning (RL) theories center on learning the expectation of potential rewarding outcomes and explain a wealth of neural data in the prefrontal cortex. Distributional RL, on the other hand, learns the full distribution of rewarding outcomes and better explains dopamine responses. In the present study, we show that distributional RL also better explains macaque anterior cingulate cortex neuronal responses, suggesting that it is a common mechanism for reward-guided learning.

Indexed as

LearningReinforcement, PsychologyAnimalsDecision MakingMacacaNeuronsPrefrontal CortexReward

Identifiers

PMID38200183
PMCPMC10917656

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.