ArticleBMJ open2024
Risk factors and glycaemic control in small-for-gestational-age infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study using propensity score matching based on a large population.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship Between Improvements in Glycemic Control and Risk of Pregnancy Complications in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Metaregression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Intensive Glucose Management.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Pooled it
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Secondary Analysis of the DiGest Trial.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Article
- Maternal genomic profile, gestational diabetes control, and Mediterranean diet to prevent low birth weight.iScience · 2024Article
- Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal outcomes in small for gestational age infants: a multicenter retrospective study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Identifying First-Trimester Risk Factors for SGA-LGA Using Weighted Inheritance Voting Ensemble Learning.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and neonatal birth weight in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmall for gestational age (SGA) poses a significant concern for newborns, being linked to neonatal complications and potential metabolic disorders in adulthood, especially when born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), elevating their risk of complications and mortality. However, the pregnancy risk factors and glycaemic control associated with SGA infants born to mothers with GDM remain unclear.
aimTo identify the pregnancy risk factors and glycaemic control associated with SGA infants born to mothers with GDM.
methodThis case-control study was conducted among 1910 women with GDM in China. Data were collected by the integrated electronic medical record system. Using 1:4 propensity score matching analysis, we adjusted for gestational age as confounder. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors.
resultsRisk factors for SGA born to mothers with GDM included a history of low birth weight, gestational hypertension, oligohydramnios, short maternal height, underweight pre-pregnancy body mass index and inadequate weight growth. While SGA was protected by weakly positive ketonuria levels in the first trimester, multiparous, anaemia and previous uterine scar were protective factors for SGA. Moreover, 2-hour postprandial glucose and haemoglobin A1c in the second trimester, as well as the 0-hour and 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were linked to risk of SGA.
conclusionsSGA infants are the result of multifactorial interactions among GDM pregnant women. Notably, glycaemic control levels were associated with SGA. There is a need for enhanced perinatal monitoring and antenatal care to reduce SGA.
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