ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2024
The changing epidemiology of human leishmaniasis in the non-endemic country of Austria between 2000 to 2021, including a congenital case.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of human leishmaniasis in sub-Saharan Africa: an umbrella review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- First imported case of New World leishmaniasis in Romania: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in a non-endemic country.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Canine vector-borne diseases: a changing world demands a new preventive strategy from veterinarians.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Epidemiology of malaria and leishmaniasis in Thailand (2004-2025): A systematic review.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- First molecular detection ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Insights into genetic heterogeneity and drug resistance in Leishmania donovani of the Indian sub-continent from genomic data.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2025Article
- Off-label treatment with miltefosine for complex, pediatric Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Structural Drivers of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Examining How the Converging Effects of Displacement, Environmental Disruption, and Political Instability Reshape Epidemiology Beyond Endemic Regions.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Commentary on the Issue ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Visceral Leishmaniasis in Pediatrics: A Case Series and a Narrative Review with Global Insights.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Context of Global Travel, Migration, Refugee Populations, and Humanitarian Crises.Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- A one-step multiplex qPCR assay for simultaneous identification and quantification of Leishmania martiniquensis and Leishmania orientalis/Leishmania chancei and detection and quantification of trypanosomatids in clinical samples.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Development and application of species ID and insecticide resistance assays, for monitoring sand fly Leishmania vectors in the Mediterranean basin and in the Middle East.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Launching Austria's One Health network: paving the way for transdisciplinary collaborations.One health outlook · 2024Article
- A climatic suitability indicator to supportThe Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of leishmaniasis in Qatar: A retrospective study.Qatar medical journal · 2024Article
- Immune response to viscerotropicFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Diagnostic challenges in cutaneous leishmaniasis due to atypicalFrontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeishmaniasis is caused by infection with intracellular protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Transmission occurs predominantly by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, other routes, including congenital transmission, are rare. The disease manifests as either cutaneous, visceral or mucosal/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. In recent years, changes in the epidemiological pattern have been reported from Europe. PRINCIPAL
findingsA total of 311 new and 29 published leishmaniasis cases occurring between 01/01/2000 and 12/31/2021 in Austria were collected and analyzed. These encompassed 146 cutaneous (CL), 14 visceral (VL), 4 mucosal, and 3 cases with concurrent VL and CL. In addition, asymptomatic infections, comprising 11 unspecified cases with Leishmania DNA detectable only in the blood and 162 cases with anti-Leishmania antibodies were reported. Particularly since 2016, the incidence of leishmaniasis has steadily risen, mainly attributable to increasing numbers of CL and cases with positive serology against Leishmania species, whereas the incidence of VL has slowly decreased. Analysis revealed that a shift in the causative species spectrum had occurred and that a substantial number of CL cases were caused by members of the Leishmania donovani/infantum complex. Simultaneous occurrence of VL and CL was identified in immunocompromised individuals, but also in a not yet reported case of an immunocompetent child after vertical transmission.
conclusionsThe incidence of leishmaniasis has risen in the recent years. The numbers are anticipated to keep rising due to increasing human mobility, including travel and forced migration, growing reservoir host populations as well as expansion and dispersal of vector species caused by climate and habitat changes, urbanization and globalization. Hence, elevated awareness for the disease, including possible transmission in previously non-endemic regions and non-vector transmission modes, support of sandfly surveillance efforts and implementation and establishment of public health interventions in a One Health approach are pivotal in the global efforts to control and reduce leishmaniasis.
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