Trial reportPloS one2024
Effects of two gait retraining programs on pain, function, and lower limb kinematics in runners with patellofemoral pain: A randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gait Retraining for Patellofemoral Pain in Runners: An Umbrella Review of Clinical and Biomechanical Evidence.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- The Heel-Strike Fallacy and Cadence Beliefs in Distance Running: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- The Influence of Running Cadence on Biomechanics and Injury Prevention: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Biomechanical Strategies to Improve Running: Cadence, Footwear, and Orthoses-A Quasi-Experimental Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Optimizing Running Mechanics, Effects of Cadence, Footwear, and Orthoses on Force Distribution: A Quasi-Experimental Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Running Cadence and the Influence on Frontal Plane Knee Deviations.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatellofemoral Pain (PFP) is one of the main injuries in runners. Consistent evidence support strengthening programs to modulate symptoms, however, few studies investigated the effects of gait retraining programs.
objectiveTo investigate the effects of two different two-week partially supervised gait retraining programs on pain, function, and lower limb kinematics of runners with PFP.
methodsRandomized controlled trial. Thirty runners were allocated to gait retraining groups focusing on impact (n = 10) or cadence (n = 10), or to a control group (n = 10). Impact group received guidance to reduce tibial acceleration by 50%, while cadence group was asked to increase cadence by 7.5-10%. The control group did not receive any intervention. Usual and running pain, knee function, and lower limb kinematics (contralateral pelvic drop, hip adduction, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, tibia inclination, and foot inclination) were evaluated before (T0), immediately after the intervention (T2), and six months after the protocol (T24).
resultsA significant group x time interaction was found for running pain (p = 0.010) and knee function (p = 0.019). Both programs had greater improvements in running pain compared to no intervention at T24 (Impact x Control-mean difference (MD) -3.2, 95% CI -5.1 to -1.3, p = 0.001; Cadence x Control-MD -2.9, 95% CI -4.8 to -1.0, p = 0.002). Participants of the impact group had greater improvements in knee function compared to no intervention at T2 (Impact x Control-MD 10.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 20.6, p = 0.027). No between-group differences in usual pain and lower limb kinematics were found (p>0.05).
conclusionCompared to no intervention, both programs were more effective in improving running pain six months after the protocol. The program focused on impact was more effective in improving knee function immediately after the intervention. Clinical trial registry number: RBR-8yb47v.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.