Trial reportEuropean journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine2024
Mirror visual feedback as therapeutic modality in unilateral upper extremity complex regional pain syndrome type I: randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Management of Neuropathic Pain in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2026Review
- Evidence-Based Therapeutic Methods for Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Neurocognitive Interventions Informed by Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Principles and Physical Exercise for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Analgesic Efficacy of Therapies Used for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Mirror therapy in the neuroadaptive training paradigm in rehabilitation and potential mechanisms of neural remodeling: a 20-year bibliometrics analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A review of research progress of mirror therapy in peripheral nerve injury.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is growing evidence for the effectiveness of mirror therapy (MT) on pain reduction in patients with type I complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS I).
aimTo evaluate the efficacy of MT on pain reduction and hand function in subjects with unilateral upper extremity CRPS I.
designRandomized controlled trial with control group cross-over (half cross-over design).
settingSubjects with CRPS I were outpatients of a university hospital and cooperating centers. All patients carried out the daily exercise at home. POPULATION: Subjects with unilateral upper extremity CRPS I meeting the Budapest diagnostic criteria.
methodsSubjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (N.=13) carried out a ten-minute MT exercise daily, for a total duration of six weeks. Group B (N.=14) acted as a control group for six weeks followed by six weeks of MT with the same characteristics as Group A. Upper extremity active range of motion, strength, dexterity, limb volume, affected-to-unaffected hand temperature difference, and health-related quality of life were evaluated before and after each period. Daily records on the visual analogue scale were used for pain evaluation. Effectiveness was calculated using mixed-effects modelling for between-group comparisons and within-group variability, and identification of significant predictors.
resultsTwenty-three females and four males with an average age of 56.1±9.6 years completed the study. Except for the affected-to-unaffected hand temperature difference, both groups consistently demonstrated significant or near-significant improvements in measured parameters after MT period. The improvements were evident upon an intergroup comparison of Group A and the control period of Group B as well as longitudinally within Group B. No significant improvement was found during the control period.
conclusionsPrinciples focused on mirror visual feedback to the central nervous system can sustain promising therapeutic potential as part of the treatment for pain reduction and hand function in CRPS I patients. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: MT can be considered as part of the therapeutic regimen employed for the treatment of CRPS I.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.