ArticleVeterinary pathology2024
Humanization with CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells in NOG-EXL mice results in improved long-term survival and less severe myeloid cell hyperactivation phenotype relative to NSG-SGM3 mice.
Article in Veterinary pathology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the blood-brain barrier: humanised mice, the missing link in glioblastoma research.Oncogene · 2026Review
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- Exploring the immune environment of glioblastoma in humanized mouse models.Neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Pathology associated with human CAR T cell administration in NOD.Cg-Veterinary pathology · 2026Article
- Techniques to study chimerism at the tissue level in humanized mice.Veterinary pathology · 2026Article
- Patient-Derived Models of Liver Cancer to Inform Clinical Treatment Paradigms: Recent Updates.Seminars in liver disease · 2026Review
- Human Immune System Reconstitution in NOD/Shi-Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Humanized mouse models in MDS.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Diagnostic challenge in veterinary pathology: Otitis in a humanized NOG-EXL mouse.Veterinary pathology · 2025Article
- Human GM-CSF/IL-3 enhance tumor immune infiltration in humanized HCC patient-derived xenografts.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Tumor-dependent myeloid and lymphoid cell recruitment in genO-BRGSF-HIS mice: a novel tool for evaluating immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
NSG-SGM3 and NOG-EXL mice combine severe immunodeficiency with transgenic expression of human myeloid stimulatory cytokines, resulting in marked expansion of myeloid populations upon humanization with CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Humanized NSG-SGM3 mice typically develop a lethal macrophage activation syndrome and mast cell hyperplasia that limit their use in long-term studies (e.g., humanization followed by tumor xenotransplantation). It is currently unclear to what extent humanized NOG-EXL mice suffer from the same condition observed in humanized NSG-SGM3 mice. We compared the effects of human CD34+ HSC engraftment in these two strains in an orthotopic patient-derived glioblastoma model. NSG-SGM3 mice humanized in-house were compared to NOG-EXL mice humanized in-house and commercially available humanized NOG-EXL mice. Mice were euthanized at humane or study endpoints, and complete pathological assessments were performed. A semiquantitative multiparametric clinicopathological scoring system was developed to characterize chimeric myeloid cell hyperactivation (MCH) syndrome. NSG-SGM3 mice were euthanized at 16 weeks after humanization because of severe deterioration of clinical conditions. Humanized NOG-EXL mice survived to the study endpoint at 22 weeks after humanization and showed less-severe MCH phenotypes than NSG-SGM3 mice. Major differences included the lack of mast cell expansion and limited tissue/organ involvement in NOG-EXL mice compared to NSG-SGM3 mice. Engraftment of human lymphocytes, assessed by immunohistochemistry, was similar in the two strains. The longer survival and decreased MCH phenotype severity in NOG-EXL mice enabled their use in a tumor xenotransplantation study. The NOG-EXL model is better suited than the NSG-SGM3 model for immuno-oncology studies requiring long-term survival after humanization.
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