ArticleRMD open2024
Hormonal and reproductive factors in relation to the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a prospective cohort study with 223 526 participants.
Article in RMD open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral contraceptives and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Elevated cardiovascular risk associated with hormone replacement therapy: A comprehensive analysis of reproductive factors and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes in the UK Biobank cohort.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Current and projected trends in rheumatoid arthritis among postmenopausal women in the U.S.: a population-based analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, with projections to 2035.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- On Exposure Definition and Temporal Interpretation in the Reported Association Between Number of Pregnancies and Rheumatoid Arthritis [Letter].International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- The Number of Pregnancies is Associated with an Increased Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evidence from NHANES 2015-2018.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- [Puerarin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis in rats by modulating TAK1-mediated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025Article
- Shorter reproductive time span and early menopause increase the risk of ACPA-negative inflammatory arthritis in postmenopausal women with clinically suspect arthralgia.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Influence of biological sex in inflammatory bowel diseases.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Trends in rheumatoid arthritis burden in China and globally, 1990-2021: A longitudinal study based on the GBD database.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association between age at first birth and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: Evidence from NHANES 2011-2020.PloS one · 2025Article
- Exploring gender differences in the impact of sleep and fatigue on disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis: a moderated mediation model.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Pain, Disease Activity, and Rheumatoid Factor Positivity in Patients with Chikungunya Arthritis.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- No causal association between pneumoconiosis and three inflammatory immune diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to examine rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk associated with hormonal and reproductive factors in women from the large cohort of the UK Biobank.
methodsData on hormonal and reproductive factors in women were collected from a prospective cohort of 223 526 UK Biobank participants. The potential relationship between reproductive factors and RA risk was assessed using restricted cubic spline. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regressions.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 12.39 years, 3313 women with RA were identified. Age at menarche >14 years was associated with a greater RA risk (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.26) compared with menarche at 13. The multiple adjusted HR for RA in women with menopause at <45 years was 1.46. Reproductive years <33 increased the risk of RA (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.59). Compared with those with 2 children, women with ≥4 children were associated with a higher risk of RA (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34). Women who had a hysterectomy (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.56) or oophorectomy (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.35) had a higher risk of RA than those without a hysterectomy or oophorectomy. Both hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.57) and HRT duration (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03) were associated with a higher risk of RA.
conclusionsSome hormonal and reproductive factors were associated with a higher risk of RA. Hormonal and reproductive factors should be considered in risk assessment and formulating management plans in female patients with RA.
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