ArticleBMC medicine2024
Risks of digestive diseases in long COVID: evidence from a population-based cohort study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Persistence and the Gut Microbiota: New Insights into Long COVID Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2026Review
- The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- Clinical features and inflammatory signatures of patients with persistent gastrointestinal long COVID two years after severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Esophageal motility disorders after COVID-19 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Global burden trends and forecasts for MAFLD in adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Case Report: Celiac plexus block improves gastrointestinal Long COVID symptoms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Gender and age differences in the global burden of peptic ulcers: an analysis based on GBD data from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Physical Condition and Mental Health of Chinese College Students 3 Months After COVID-19 Recovery.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2024Article
- New Onset of Acute and Chronic Hepatic Diseases Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- [Interdisciplinary, collaborative D-A-CH (Germany, Austria and Switzerland) consensus statement concerning the diagnostic and treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Article
- Exploring the Complexities of Long COVID.Viruses · 2024Review
- Long COVID in Children, Adults, and Vulnerable Populations: A Comprehensive Overview for an Integrated Approach.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Impact of preexisting digestive problems on the gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection.PloS one · 2024Article
- COVID-19: a multi-organ perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the post-pandemic era, a wide range of COVID-19 sequelae is of growing health concern. However, the risks of digestive diseases in long COVID have not been comprehensively understood. To investigate the long-term risk of digestive diseases among COVID patients.
methodsIn this large-scale retrospective cohort study with up to 2.6 years follow-up (median follow-up: 0.7 years), the COVID-19 group (n = 112,311), the contemporary comparison group (n = 359,671) and the historical comparison group (n = 370,979) predated the COVID-19 outbreak were built using UK Biobank database. Each digestive outcome was defined as the diagnosis 30 days or more after the onset of COVID-19 infection or the index date. Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed utilizing the Cox regression models after inverse probability weighting.
resultsCompared with the contemporary comparison group, patients with previous COVID-19 infection had higher risks of digestive diseases, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction (HR 1.38 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.51)); peptic ulcer disease (HR 1.23 (1.00 to 1.52)); gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (HR 1.41 (1.30 to 1.53)); gallbladder disease (HR 1.21 (1.06 to 1.38)); severe liver disease (HR 1.35 (1.03 to 1.76)); non-alcoholic liver disease (HR 1.27 (1.09 to 1.47)); and pancreatic disease (HR 1.36 (1.11 to 1.66)). The risks of GERD were increased stepwise with the severity of the acute phase of COVID-19 infection. Even after 1-year follow-up, GERD (HR 1.64 (1.30 to 2.07)) and GI dysfunction (HR 1.35 (1.04 to 1.75)) continued to pose risks to COVID-19 patients. Compared to those with one SARS-CoV-2 infection, reinfected patients were at a higher risk of pancreatic diseases (HR 2.57 (1.23 to 5.38)). The results were consistent when the historical cohort was used as the comparison group.
conclusionsOur study provides insights into the association between COVID-19 and the long-term risk of digestive system disorders. COVID-19 patients are at a higher risk of developing digestive diseases. The risks exhibited a stepwise escalation with the severity of COVID-19, were noted in cases of reinfection, and persisted even after 1-year follow-up. This highlights the need to understand the varying risks of digestive outcomes in COVID-19 patients over time, particularly those who experienced reinfection, and develop appropriate follow-up strategies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.