ArticleMalaria journal2024
Baseline susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to clothianidin in northern Ghana.
Article in Malaria journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in 8 districts in West Nile and Acholi regions, Uganda: a quasi-experimental study.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Anopheles coluzzii from Sakassou, Central Côte d'Ivoire show aggravated resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphate but are fully susceptible to clothianidin.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis reveals concentration-dependent and site-specific detoxification gene expression patterns in pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Accra, Ghana.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Reduction in Asymptomatic falciparum malaria infection amongst schoolchildren in three ecological zones of Ghana between 2017 and 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to spinosad larvicide and space spray adulticides in Brazil.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Functional Validation of Endogenous Redox PartnerInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClothianidin, an insecticide with a novel mode of action, has been deployed in the annual indoor residual spraying programme in northern Ghana since March 2021. To inform pragmatic management strategies and guide future studies, baseline data on local Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) susceptibility to the clothianidin insecticide were collected in Kpalsogu, a village in the Northern region, Ghana.
methodsPhenotypic susceptibility of An. gambiae mosquitoes to clothianidin was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide resistance monitoring bioassay. The WHO cone bioassays were conducted on mud and cement walls sprayed with Sumishield 50 wettable granules (WG) (with clothianidin active ingredient). Daily mortalities were recorded for up to 7 days to observe for delayed mortalities. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to differentiate the sibling species of the An. gambiae complex and also for the detection of knock down resistance genes (kdr) and the insensitive acetylcholinesterase mutation (ace-1).
resultsThe WHO susceptibility bioassay revealed a delayed killing effect of clothianidin. Mosquitoes exposed to the cone bioassays for 5 min died 120 h after exposure. Slightly higher mortalities were observed in mosquitoes exposed to clothianidin-treated cement wall surfaces than mosquitoes exposed to mud wall surfaces. The kdr target-site mutation L1014F occurred at very high frequencies (0.89-0.94) across all vector species identified whereas the ace-1 mutation occurred at moderate levels (0.32-0.44). Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto was the most abundant species observed at 63%, whereas Anopheles arabiensis was the least observed at 9%.
conclusionsAnopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in northern Ghana were susceptible to clothianidin. They harboured kdr mutations at high frequencies. The ace-1 mutation occurred in moderation. The results of this study confirm that clothianidin is an effective active ingredient and should be utilized in malaria vector control interventions.
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