ArticleBMJ global health2024
Individual journeys to tuberculosis care in Nigeria's private sector during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in BMJ global health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 as a Potential Trigger for Tuberculosis: Insights From a Large-Scale Japanese Insurance Database Analysis.Journal of general and family medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of tuberculosis and COVID-19 among patients with presumptive tuberculosis in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Delays in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in India: A patient journey analysis from Mumbai and Patna during the COVID-19 Pandemic.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- A methodological review of patient healthcare-seeking journeys from symptom onset to receipt of care.BMJ global health · 2025Review
- COVID-19 policies and tuberculosis services in private health sectors of India, Indonesia, and Nigeria.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Private sector tuberculosis care quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional standardised patients study of adherence to national TB guidelines in urban Nigeria.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- The shifting landscape of private healthcare providers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons to strengthen the private sectors engagement for future pandemic and tuberculosis care.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Assessing patient satisfaction among COVID-19 survivors in Northeast India: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPre-COVID-19, individuals with tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria were often underdiagnosed and untreated. TB services were mostly in the public sector with only 15% of new cases in 2019 reported from the private sector. Reports highlighted challenges in accessing care in the private sector, which accounted for 67% of all initial care-seeking. Our study examined patients' health seeking pathways for TB in Nigeria's private sector and explored any changes to care pathways during COVID-19.
methodsWe conducted 180 cross-sectional surveys and 20 in-depth interviews with individuals having chest symptoms attending 18 high-volume private clinics and hospitals in Kano and Lagos States. Questions focused on sociodemographic characteristics, health-seeking behaviour, and pathways to care during the COVID-19 pandemic. All surveys and interviews were conducted in May 2021.
resultsMost participants were male (111/180), with an average age of 37. Half (96/180) sought healthcare within a week of symptoms, while few (20/180) waited over 2 months. Individuals testing positive for TB had more health-seeking delays, and those testing negative for TB had more provider delays. On average, participants visited two providers in Kano and 1.69 in Lagos, with 61 of 180 in Kano and 48 of 180 in Lagos visiting other providers before the recruitment facility. Private providers were the initial encounters for most participants (60/180 in Kano, 83/180 in Lagos). Most respondents (164/180) experienced short-lived pandemic-related restrictions, affecting access to transportation, and closed facilities.
conclusionsThis study showed a few challenges in accessing TB care, necessitating continued investment in healthcare infrastructure and resources, particularly in the private sector. Understanding the different care pathways and delays in care provides opportunities for targeted interventions to improve deployment of services closer to where patients first seek care.
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