ArticleCell2024
SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 enters lung cells and evades neutralizing antibodies with high efficiency.
Article in Cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma for the controlled clinical trial "COVIC-19": Experience from collection of very high-titer plasma from superimmunized individuals.Transfusion · 2025Trial
- The conserved QTQTX motif in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is dispensable for cleavage and lung cell entry of the emerging variant BA.3.2.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Host cell entry and neutralisation sensitivity of H3N2 influenza A virus subclade K.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Immune evasion, infectivity, and membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2 variants LP.8.1.1, XEC.25.1, XFG, and NB.1.8.1.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Adaptive mutations at lysine residues of PRRSV-2 nsp12 enable evasion of host proteasomal degradation to promote subgenomic RNA synthesis.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Altered infectivity, cell-cell fusion, and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2 and LP.8.1 variants.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Lock out: targeting TMPRSS2 to block influenza and coronaviruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 and JN.1 expand tropism in human proximal intestinal epithelium.Nature communications · 2026Article
- MAAD: multidimensional antiviral antibody database.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-specific monoclonal antibodies as tools for studying its antigenic structure and interaction with host cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and mortality outcomes of acute kidney injury following COVID-19 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease at different stages.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Virological characterization of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variants by assessing antiviral susceptibility, in vivo infectivity and replicative fitness.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pathogenicity, virological features, and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 JN.1-derived variants including JN.1.7, KP.2, KP.3, and KP.3.1.1.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Evolution of BA.2.86 to JN.1 reveals that functional changes in non-structural viral proteins are required for fitness of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Mutation profiling, evolution analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and functional characterization of Omicron sub-strains.Virus research · 2025Article
- Mucosal vaccination with long-form TSLP induces migratory cDC1-mediated adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- An Italian Single-Center Genomic Surveillance Study: Two-Year Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Simulations and active learning enable efficient identification of an experimentally-validated broad coronavirus inhibitor.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BA.2.86, a recently identified descendant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA.2 sublineage, contains ∼35 mutations in the spike (S) protein and spreads in multiple countries. Here, we investigated whether the virus exhibits altered biological traits, focusing on S protein-driven viral entry. Employing pseudotyped particles, we show that BA.2.86, unlike other Omicron sublineages, enters Calu-3 lung cells with high efficiency and in a serine- but not cysteine-protease-dependent manner. Robust lung cell infection was confirmed with authentic BA.2.86, but the virus exhibited low specific infectivity. Further, BA.2.86 was highly resistant against all therapeutic antibodies tested, efficiently evading neutralization by antibodies induced by non-adapted vaccines. In contrast, BA.2.86 and the currently circulating EG.5.1 sublineage were appreciably neutralized by antibodies induced by the XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine. Collectively, BA.2.86 has regained a trait characteristic of early SARS-CoV-2 lineages, robust lung cell entry, and evades neutralizing antibodies. However, BA.2.86 exhibits low specific infectivity, which might limit transmissibility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.