ReviewApplied microbiology and biotechnology2024
Recent advances in microbial synthesis of free heme.
Review in Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering a heme-dependent tryptophan hydroxylase pathway inSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Article
- Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for enhanced free heme biosynthesis by an enzyme-chassis co-optimization strategy.Biotechnology letters · 2026Article
- Systemic engineering and global regulation enabling high-level bilirubin biosynthesis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Metabolic engineering ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Natural pigments derived from plants and microorganisms: classification, biosynthesis, and applications.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Metabolic engineering of yeast to efficiently synthesize heme and hemoproteins: recent advance and prospects.FEMS yeast research · 2025Review
- Manipulating Intracellular Oxidative Conditions to Enhance Porphyrin Production inBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biosensor-based growth-coupling as an evolutionary strategy to improve heme export in Corynebacterium glutamicum.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Heme utilization by the enterococci.FEMS microbes · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing porphyrin compound widely used in the fields of healthcare, food, and medicine. Compared to animal blood extraction, it is more advantageous to develop a microbial cell factory to produce heme. However, heme biosynthesis in microorganisms is tightly regulated, and its accumulation is highly cytotoxic. The current review describes the biosynthetic pathway of free heme, its fermentation production using different engineered bacteria constructed by metabolic engineering, and strategies for further improving heme synthesis. Heme synthetic pathway in Bacillus subtilis was modified utilizing genome-editing technology, resulting in significantly improved heme synthesis and secretion abilities. This technique avoided the use of multiple antibiotics and enhanced the genetic stability of strain. Hence, engineered B. subtilis could be an attractive cell factory for heme production. Further studies should be performed to enhance the expression of heme synthetic module and optimize the expression of heme exporter and fermentation processes, such as iron supply. KEY POINTS: • Strengthening the heme biosynthetic pathway can significantly increase heme production. • Heme exporter overexpression helps to promote heme secretion, thereby further promoting excessive heme synthesis. • Engineered B. subtilis is an attractive alternative for heme production.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.