Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38193943›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2024

National and state-level trends in the availability of mental health treatment services tailored to individuals ordered to treatment by a court: United States, 2016, 2018, and 2020.

George Pro, Heather Horton, Brooklyn Tody, Mofan Gu, Taylor Washington, Ashley Williams, Margaret M Gorvine, O'Dell Johnson, Nakita Lovelady, Timikia Jackson and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

George ProSouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. gcpro@uams.edu.
Heather HortonSouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Brooklyn TodySouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Mofan GuSouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Taylor WashingtonSouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Ashley WilliamsSouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Margaret M GorvineSouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
O'Dell JohnsonSouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Nakita LoveladySouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Timikia JacksonSouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Azizi RaySouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Brooke MontgomerySouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Nick ZallerSouthern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.

Funding

Universal basic income and structural racism in the US South: Differences in HIV care utilization between low-income African American men living with HIVR01MD017509 · NIMHD · UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS · PI MONTGOMERY, BROOKE E.E. · 2022 to 2024
$3.0M
NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD017509
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWe sought to identify trends and characteristics associated with the availability of tailored mental health services for individuals involved in the criminal justice system and ordered to treatment by a court, nationally in the US and by state.

methodsWe used National Mental Health Services Survey to identify outpatient mental health treatment facilities in the US (2016 n = 4744; 2018 n = 4626; 2020 n = 4869). We used clustered multiple logistic regression to identify changes over time as well as facility- and state-level factors associated with the availability of specialty court-ordered services.

resultsSlightly more than half of the outpatient mental health treatment facilities offered specialized services for individuals ordered to treatment by a court, with wide variation between states. Nationally, there was a significant increase in the odds of offering court-ordered treatment in 2020 compared to 2016 (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06-1.27, p < 0.01). Notable associations included offering integrated substance use treatment (versus none, aOR = 2.95, 95% CI = 2.70-3.22, p < 0.0001) and offering trauma therapy (versus none, aOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.85-2.27, p < 0.0001).

conclusionThe availability of mental health services for individuals ordered to treatment by a court is growing nationally but several states are lagging behind. Court ordered treatment is a promising strategy to improve health and reduce reliance on the carceral system as a healthcare provider. At the same time, we express caution around disparities within behavioral health courts and advocate for equity in access to incarceration alternatives.

Indexed as

Criminal LawHealth Services AccessibilityMental DisordersMental Health ServicesAdultFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleSubstance-Related DisordersUnited StatesCourt-ordered treatmentEpidemiologyHealth servicesIncarcerationMental health

Identifiers

PMID38193943

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.