ArticleJCI insight2024
Unique macrophage phenotypes activated by BMP signaling in breast cancer bone metastases.
Article in JCI insight, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Bone Marrow Reserve to Metastatic Niche: How Neutrophil-Lineage Cells Shape Skeletal Colonization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hierarchical Targeting of TREM2Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Extracellular matrices regulate extravasation journey of leukocytes and inflammatory tissue fate.eLife · 2025Review
- Review
- BMP2 alterations in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast: insights from whole-exome sequencing.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Macrophage diversity in cancer dissemination and metastasis.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Macrophage heterogeneity in bone metastasis.Journal of bone oncology · 2024Article
- New Strategies for Macrophage Re-Education in Cancer: An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) tissue in bone was systematically profiled to define the composition of the tumor microenvironment. Gene expression identified a high myeloid signature of patients with improved survival outcomes. Bone metastases were profiled by spatial proteomics to examine myeloid populations within the stroma that correlated with macrophage functions. Single-cell spatial analysis uncovered macrophage activation in the stroma of mBC bone lesions. Matched BC patient samples of primary breast tumor and bone metastasis tissues were compared for gene expression in the bone, where bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) was most significantly upregulated. Immune cell changes from breast to bone demonstrated a loss of lymphoid cells but a consistent population of macrophages. BMP-activated macrophages were increased uniquely in bone. Bone marrow-derived macrophage activation coupled with BMP inhibition increased inflammatory responses. Using experimental mouse models of mBC bone metastasis and trained immunity, we found that BMP inhibition restricts progression of metastases early in the macrophage activation state but not after tumors were established in the bone. This study revealed unique myeloid BMP activation states that are distinctly integrated with bone metastases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.