ReviewAllergy2024
Tick bites, IgE to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose and urticarial or anaphylactic reactions to mammalian meat: The alpha-gal syndrome.
Review in Allergy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alpha-Gal Syndrome Is More than Meats the IgE: A Patient Survey of Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Burdens.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perioperative Considerations for Alpha-Gal Syndrome: A Literature Review and Single-Center Experience in a Highly Endemic Area.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Arming Inactivated Enveloped Virus Vaccines with theVaccines · 2026Review
- Acaricidal efficacy and biochemical effects of Cananga odorata essential oil and three selected compounds against Haemaphysalis doenitzi (Acari: Ixodidae).Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Alpha-gal xenoantigens in bioprosthetic valve recipients: clinical implications for bioprosthesis longevity.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Review
- Article
- Alpha-Gal syndrome unveiled: decoding the glycan-driven red meat allergy.Glycoconjugate journal · 2026Review
- The α-Gal Epitope (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) as Therapeutic Agent in Cancer Immunotherapy, Vaccine Effectiveness Amplification and Injured Tissue Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Adverse Drug Reactions: Comparing Crotalidae Immune Polyvalent Antivenoms F(ab')Annals of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- IgE to Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose (α-Gal) and Relevance to Ustekinumab First-Dose Infusion Reactions and Allergenicity.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- From vector to allergen: exploring the immunology of tick-triggered α-Gal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Alpha-Gal Syndrome in the Heartland: Dietary Restrictions, Public Awareness, and Systemic Barriers in Rural Kansas.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Recent Insights into the Epidemiology and Management of AnaphylaxisBalkan medical journal · 2025Review
- A Review of Alpha-Gal Syndrome for the Infectious Diseases Practitioner.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- The Immunology of Alpha-Gal Syndrome: History, Tick Bites, IgE, and Delayed Anaphylaxis to Mammalian Meat.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Pre-clinical strategies and emerging technologies driving advances in the alpha-gal syndrome.Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology · 2025Review
- IgG to Galactose-Alpha-1,3-Galactose: Impact of Alpha-Gal IgE Sensitization, Blood Type, and Tick Bites.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Alpha-gal allergy in a South Asian country.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Is Zebrafish a Good Model for the Alpha-Gal Syndrome?FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The recent recognition of a syndrome of tick-acquired mammalian meat allergy has transformed the previously held view that mammalian meat is an uncommon allergen. The syndrome, mediated by IgE antibodies against the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), can also involve reactions to visceral organs, dairy, gelatin and other products, including medications sourced from non-primate mammals. Thus, fittingly, this allergic disorder is now called the alpha-gal syndrome (AGS). The syndrome is strikingly regional, reflecting the important role of tick bites in sensitization, and is more common in demographic groups at risk of tick exposure. Reactions in AGS are delayed, often by 2-6 h after ingestion of mammalian meat. In addition to classic allergic symptomatology such as urticaria and anaphylaxis, AGS is increasingly recognized as a cause of isolated gastrointestinal morbidity and alpha-gal sensitization has also been linked with cardiovascular disease. The unusual link with tick bites may be explained by the fact that allergic cells and mediators are mobilized to the site of tick bites and play a role in resistance against ticks and tick-borne infections. IgE directed to alpha-gal is likely an incidental consequence of what is otherwise an adaptive immune strategy for host defense against endo- and ectoparasites, including ticks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.