ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory potential of Mongolian medicine in sepsis: current evidence, challenges, and translational perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- A bibliometric and visual analysis of research trends and hotspots in sepsis-related immunosuppression (2005-2025).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune system expression profiling in patients experiencing low back pain: A pilot study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Observational
- Moxibustion combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies improves immunosuppression in septic mice potentially through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Early prediction of sepsis in the ICU: a comparative analysis of multiple machine-learning algorithms using the MIMIC-III database.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- The Dual Role of Interleukin-10 in Sepsis: Research Progress and Therapeutic Prospects.Inflammation · 2026Review
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in sepsis: drivers of persistent immunosuppression and targets for precision immunotherapy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Sepsis and the immunometabolic inflammatory response.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Review
- Review
- Neutrophil immunometabolism in ACLF and sepsis: mechanisms, dysfunction, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inflammation-driven immune reprogramming in sepsis: from cytokine storm to immunoparalysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in infectious diseases: therapeutic reinvigoration, immunopathology, and precision targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Peripheral blood biomarkers in PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy: distinguishing predictive from prognostic biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- T cell exhaustion in sepsis: mechanisms, biomarkers, and immune-reversal strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of programmed cell death 1 in autoimmune diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cell death in sepsis: unveiling new perspectives on organ dysfunction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Identification of immunosuppressive neutrophils using multi-omics: why functional testing remains key.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular analysis of immune cell subsets and cytokine profiles in septic Vietnamese patients.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Inhalable targeted CD8 + T cell nanoparticles loaded ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 alleviate acute lung injury.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Rethinking post-sepsis syndrome: linking cellular dysfunction to the clinical picture.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis currently remains a major contributor to mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), with 48.9 million cases reported globally and a mortality rate of 22.5% in 2017, accounting for almost 20% of all-cause mortality worldwide. This highlights the urgent need to improve the understanding and treatment of this condition. Sepsis is now recognized as a dysregulation of the host immune response to infection, characterized by an excessive inflammatory response and immune paralysis. This dysregulation leads to secondary infections, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and ultimately death. PD-L1, a co-inhibitory molecule expressed in immune cells, has emerged as a critical factor in sepsis. Numerous studies have found a significant association between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, with a particular focus on PD-L1 expressed on neutrophils recently. This review explores the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, illustrates the intricate link between PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, and summarizes current therapeutic approaches against PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment and prognosis of sepsis in preclinical and clinical studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.