ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Targeting vascular normalization: a promising strategy to improve immune-vascular crosstalk in cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed.
- Randomized pilot study of camrelizumab with or without autologous cytokine-induced killer cells in refractory clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Sequential axitinib and survivin vaccination unlock curative PD-1 immunotherapy in renal carcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Tumor Vascular Features and Colorectal Cancer-Specific Mortality.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Immune niches in brain tumors: glial-immune cell interactions and spatial microdomains.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Review
- Review
- First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy with Novel Systemic Agents for Unresectable or Metastatic Thymic Epithelial Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JTO clinical and research reports · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Advancing Adoptive Cell Therapy with Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cancer with Sustainability Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Endostar combined with PD-1 blockade, radiotherapy, GM-CSF, and IL-2 (PRaG 2.0E) for refractory non-small cell lung cancer: a single-arm, phase II clinical trial (PRaG2.0E Study Protocol).Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- PCSK9 orchestrates the antigen presentation-endothelial barrier axis to potentiate immune exclusion in colorectal cancer.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- An epigenetic switch in vascular phenotype augments anti-tumor immunity.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- Ligand-dependent corepressor suppresses angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration in gliobl astoma microenvironment via MCP-1 down-regulation.BMC biotechnology · 2026Article
- Overcoming tumour resistance in cancer immunotherapy through predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Association of HAMP Expression and CD8+ T-Cell Infiltration With Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2026Article
- Dose-Dependent Angiogenic Effects of Intravenous Nicotinamide Riboside in Mice with a Lewis Lung Carcinoma Model.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Resistance and Synergy: The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in HER2-Low Breast Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Reduced vascular leakage correlates with breast carcinoma T regulatory cell infiltration but not with metastatic propensity.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: exploring immunomodulatory effects on various immune cell types in cancer.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Consequences of the perivascular niche remodeling for tumoricidal T-cell trafficking into metastasis of ovarian cancer.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- CXC Chemokine-Driven Vascular Reprogramming: Modulating Tumor Vasculature to Boost Therapeutic Response.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapy. Compared with the healthy vasculature, tumor blood vessels are extremely immature, highly permeable, and deficient in pericytes. The aberrantly vascularized tumor microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, low pH, high interstitial pressure, and immunosuppression. The efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is affected by abnormal blood vessels. Some anti-angiogenic drugs show vascular normalization effects in addition to targeting angiogenesis. Reversing the abnormal state of blood vessels creates a normal microenvironment, essential for various cancer treatments, specifically immunotherapy. In addition, immune cells and molecules are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Therefore, combining vascular normalization with immunotherapy may increase the efficacy of immunotherapy and reduce the risk of adverse reactions. In this review, we discussed the structure, function, and formation of abnormal vessels. In addition, we elaborated on the role of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the formation of abnormal vessels. Finally, we described the clinical challenges associated with the combination of immunotherapy with vascular normalization, and highlighted future research directions in this therapeutic area.
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