ArticleHeliyon2024
Research methods assessing sodium hypochlorite cytotoxicity: A scoping review.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan versus sodium hypochlorite: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Oral diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Early Enzyme-Alginogel Treatment Improves Healing and Reduces Complications, Scarring, and Healthcare Burden in Children with Mild-to-Moderate Burns: A Retrospective Real-World Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Faraday Scalpel: Electrochemical Nerve Lesioning Mechanisms Studied in Invertebrate Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cyotoxicity of Etidronate as an Endodontic Chelator Against Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast.Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc · 2026Article
- Electrically Charged Lipid Nanoparticles as Intracanal Antimicrobial Delivery Systems: A Narrative Review of Preclinical Evidence for Biofilm Control.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- The potential cytotoxic effect of recent universal adhesives with modified monomeric compositions on human gingival epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Residuals of Chemical Cleaning Agents Impair Peri-Implant Cell Viability: An in Vitro Study.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Biological Advantages of Calcium Hypochlorite Solution Over Sodium Hypochlorite for Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: An Ex Vivo and In Vitro Study on Human Apical Papilla.International endodontic journal · 2026Article
- Trimethyl chitosan: Antibacterial activity onJournal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Silver nitrate functionalized rice husk-derived graphene oxide as a nanocarrier for pH-responsive drug delivery.Discover nano · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic Effects of Synthetic and Herbal Endodontic Irrigants on Human Red Blood Cells: An In Vitro Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Reviewing the complexities of bacterial biocide susceptibility and in vitro biocide adaptation methodologies.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Article
- Shattering the Water Window: Comprehensive Mapping of Faradaic Reactions on Bioelectronics Electrodes.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) cytotoxicity has been assessed using different methodologies, which has led to arbitrary interpretations. This scoping review aimed to discuss the different methodological protocols for assessing NaOCl cytotoxicity. A literature review performed in the PubMed and Embase databases up to July 2023 identified manuscripts reporting NaOCl cytotoxicity. The dataset identified 546 publications, further screened by 2 reviewers. Ninety studies were identified and mined methodologically to collect information on cell type, cytotoxicity assay, NaOCl dilution solutions, presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), and NaOCl exposure time. The culture medium used in cytotoxicity assays contains buffering substances that neutralize the pH of NaOCl, thus reducing its cytotoxicity, an approach that may lead to bias when solutions with different pH are compared. For short exposure periods, as in simulations to evaluate the contact between irrigant and periapical tissue cells during chemo-mechanical preparation, NaOCl dilution should be performed with saline, which does not buffer the irrigant. For long exposure periods, as in simulations of irrigant extrusions, NaOCl should be diluted in the culture medium, to reproduce the expected buffering effect occurring in extrusions. The presence of FBS in culture medium can decrease NaOCl toxicity. There is no standardization of NaOCl cytotoxicity methodologies. This poses the risk of arriving at incorrect results and, therefore, pertinent tests must be refined.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.