Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38191950›Full record

ArticleJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2024

Gallbladder Cancer Incidentally Found at Cholecystectomy: Perioperative Risk Factors.

Elizabeth J Olecki, Mackenzie Mayhew, Rolfy Perez Holguin, William G Wong, Kelly A Stahl, June S Peng, Matthew E Dixon, Niraj J Gusani

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Elizabeth J OleckiDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA. eolecki@pennstatehealth.psu.edu.
Mackenzie MayhewDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
Rolfy Perez HolguinDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
William G WongDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
Kelly A StahlDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
June S PengProgram for Liver, Pancreas, & Foregut Tumors, Department of Surgery College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
Matthew E DixonDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.
Niraj J GusaniSection of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, Baptist MD Anderson Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeRisk factors of gallbladder cancer (GBC) are not well-defined resulting in greater than 60% of GBCs being diagnosed incidentally following cholecystectomy performed for presumed benign indications. As most localized GBCs require more extensive oncologic surgery beyond cholecystectomy, this study aims to examine factors associated with incidentally found GBC to improve preoperative and intraoperative diagnoses.

methodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database from 2007 to 2017 was used to identify cholecystectomies performed with and without a final diagnosis of GBC. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to compare demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics among those with and without a diagnosis of GBC.

resultsThe incidence of GBC was observed to be 0.11% (441/403,443). Preoperative factors associated with risk of GBC included age > 60 (OR 6.51, p < .001), female sex (OR 1.75, p < .001), history of weight loss (2.58, p < .001), and elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase level (OR 1.67, p = .001). Open approach was associated with 7 times increased risk of GBC compared to laparoscopic approach (OR 7.33, p < .001). In addition to preoperative factors and surgical approach, longer mean operative times (127 min vs 70.7 min, p < .001) were significantly associated with increased risk of GBC compared to benign final pathology.

conclusionThis study demonstrates that those with incidentally discovered GBC at cholecystectomy are unique from those undergoing cholecystectomy for benign indications. By identifying predictors of GBC, surgeons can choose high risk individuals for pre-operative oncologic evaluation and consider better tools for identifying GBC such as intraoperative frozen pathology.

Indexed as

CholecystectomyGallbladder NeoplasmsIncidental FindingsAdultAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsCholecystectomyGallbladder cancerNational surgical quality improvement program

Identifiers

PMID38191950

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.