ReviewCell death & disease2024
Anti-CTLA-4 nanobody as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Cell death & disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The evolving role of regulatory T cells in pulmonary diseases: immunomodulatory mechanisms and translational directions revealed by bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Inter- and intra-quartile comparison of multi-tracer PET/CT and liquid biopsy molecular markers in cancer: a futuristic perspective on evolving a "stepped care" model for individualized precision theranostics through AI/ML.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Identification of novel paracrine therapeutic targets in peritoneal metastases through integrative proteotranscriptomic analysis of ascites.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy for Cancer: Current Advances and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nanobody-based targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy: fear not the future.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Targeting Immune Checkpoint Proteins in Cancer Therapy and the Potential of RNAi-Based Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Fusion Protein Technology to Enhance Pharmacological Properties of L-Asparaginases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Structural and functional evolution of IL-1 targeting: From systemic neutralization to bioengineered nanotherapies.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A Nanobody-LNP Platform for Targeting and Relicensing Dendritic Cells for Potent Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Tumor-associated protease-activated anti-CD47 antibody precisely maintains phagocytic ability of macrophages with minimal effect on healthy tissue.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Unveiling DEFB1 as a novel driver and promising therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Construction of Synthetic Probiotic Bacteria for In Situ Delivery of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nanobodies.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Strategic Pathway to Unlocking New Therapeutic Potential.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- NK cell-associated LncRNA signature predicts prognosis and immune landscape in hepatocellular carcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Antibody-Empowered Nanomedicine for Precise Biomedical Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Delving into the innate and adaptive immunity of camelids: a paradigm of interspecies adaptation and evolutionary innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of innate immunity in the development of cancer immunotherapy immune-mediated adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Illumination of Targeting Nanotherapeutics with Precision Eyes: From Optical to Radio-nanotheranostics.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Conceptualization of an Ex Vivo Organ Culture (EVOC) Model for Human Seminoma: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Soluble CTLA-4 and high-risk genetic variants: A new frontier in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) biomarkers.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases and causes of death worldwide. Since common treatment approaches do not yield acceptable results in many patients, developing innovative strategies for effective treatment is necessary. Immunotherapy is one of the promising approaches that has been highly regarded for preventing tumor recurrence and new metastases. Meanwhile, inhibiting immune checkpoints is one of the most attractive methods of cancer immunotherapy. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) is an essential immune molecule that plays a vital role in cell cycle modulation, regulation of T cell proliferation, and cytokine production. This molecule is classically expressed by stimulated T cells. Inhibition of overexpression of immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 receptors has been confirmed as an effective strategy. In cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint-blocking drugs can be enhanced with nanobodies that target immune checkpoint molecules. Nanobodies are derived from the variable domain of heavy antibody chains. These small protein fragments have evolved entirely without a light chain and can be used as a powerful tool in imaging and treating diseases with their unique structure. They have a low molecular weight, which makes them smaller than conventional antibodies while still being able to bind to specific antigens. In addition to low molecular weight, specific binding to targets, resistance to temperature, pH, and enzymes, high ability to penetrate tumor tissues, and low toxicity make nanobodies an ideal approach to overcome the disadvantages of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy. In this article, while reviewing the cellular and molecular functions of CTLA-4, the structure and mechanisms of nanobodies' activity, and their delivery methods, we will explain the advantages and challenges of using nanobodies, emphasizing immunotherapy treatments based on anti-CTLA-4 nanobodies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.