ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology2024
Ketone bodies as chemical signals for the immune system.
Article in American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time-restricted eating, immunomodulation and ketone metabolism in humans.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- The value of targeting ketone body metabolism in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota regulates hepatic ketogenesis and lipid accumulation in ketogenic diet-induced hyperketonemia by disrupting bile acid metabolism.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Dapagliflozin improves diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting ferroptosis through β-hydroxybutyrate production.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Translational Relevance of β-Hydroxybutyrate as an Intermediate Metabolite and Signaling Molecule.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) elicits concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory effects on microglial cells which are reversible by blocking its monocarboxylate (MCT) importer.Frontiers in aging · 2025Article
- Advancements and future directions inAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ketone bodies are short-chain fatty acids produced by the liver during periods of limited glucose availability, such as during fasting or low carbohydrate feeding. Recent studies have highlighted important nonmetabolic functions of the most abundant ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Notably, many of these functions, including limiting specific sources of inflammation, histone deacetylase inhibition, NFκB inhibition, and GPCR stimulation, are particularly important to consider in immune cells. Likewise, dietary manipulations like caloric restriction or ketogenic diet feeding have been associated with lowered inflammation, improved health outcomes, and improved host defense against infection. However, the underlying mechanisms of the broad benefits of ketosis remain incompletely understood. In this Perspective, we contextualize the current state of the field of nonmetabolic functions of ketone bodies specifically in the immune system and speculate on the molecular explanations and broader physiological significance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.