ArticleJournal of translational medicine2024
The spike-specific TCRβ repertoire shows distinct features in unvaccinated or vaccinated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dengue-specific T-cell memory following natural infection: a comparative analysis between people living with HIV and HIV-negative individuals.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Observational
- HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2 epitopes drive CD8Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates T cell activation and immune checkpoint pathways in human T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Early combined therapy for COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: a promising approach against viral persistence and drug resistance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Investigation of Long-Term CD4+ T Cell Receptor Repertoire Changes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Different Severities of Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe evolving variants of SARS-CoV-2 may escape immunity from prior infections or vaccinations. It's vital to understand how immunity adapts to these changes. Both infection and mRNA vaccination induce T cells that target the Spike protein. These T cells can recognize multiple variants, such as Delta and Omicron, even if neutralizing antibodies are weakened. However, the degree of recognition can vary among people, affecting vaccine efficacy. Previous studies demonstrated the capability of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis to identify conserved and immunodominant peptides with cross-reactive potential among variant of concerns. However, there is a need to extend the analysis of the TCR repertoire to different clinical scenarios. The aim of this study was to examine the Spike-specific TCR repertoire profiles in natural infections and those with combined natural and vaccine immunity.
methodsA T-cell enrichment approach and bioinformatic tools were used to investigate the Spike-specific TCRβ repertoire in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of previously vaccinated (n = 8) or unvaccinated (n = 6) COVID-19 patients.
resultsDiversity and clonality of the TCRβ repertoire showed no significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. When comparing the TCRβ data to public databases, 692 unique TCRβ sequences linked to S epitopes were found in the vaccinated group and 670 in the unvaccinated group. TCRβ clonotypes related to spike regions S135-177, S264-276, S319-350, and S448-472 appear notably more prevalent in the vaccinated group. In contrast, the S673-699 epitope, believed to have super antigenic properties, is observed more frequently in the unvaccinated group. In-silico analyses suggest that mutations in epitopes, relative to the main SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, don't hinder their cross-reactive recognition by associated TCRβ clonotypes.
conclusionsOur findings reveal distinct TCRβ signatures in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with COVID-19. These differences might be associated with disease severity and could influence clinical outcomes.
trial registrationFESR/FSE 2014-2020 DDRC n. 585, Action 10.5.12, noCOVID19@UMG.
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