ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2024
Association of random and observed urine drug screening with long-term retention in opioid treatment programs.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploratory associations between co-occurring opioid and alcohol use disorders and GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Coverage Limitations for Use of Urine Drug Testing in a State Medicaid Program.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Implementation outcomes of video-observed oral fluid self-collection for drug testing in substance use disorder treatment: a pilot study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Opioid medication doses among safer supply clients: Current safer supply doses and previous OAT experience.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of urine drug screening in opioid agonist therapy.The Medical journal of Australia · 2025Article
- Patient centered medication treatment for opioid use disorder in rural Vermont: a qualitative study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- "Tethered to this ball and chain": Women's perspectives on bodily agency within opioid treatment programs.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Perceptions of structural and provider-based substance use stigma interventions among primary care professionals.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the US, opioid treatment providers (OTPs) have wide latitude to perform urine drug screening (UDS) and discharge clients for positive results. OTP clients have identified randomized and directly observed UDS as potentially stigmatizing, but little research has examined the association between UDS modality and retention in OTPs.
methodsThis cross-sectional study uses the 2016-2017 NDATSS wave among OTPs that administered methadone. The exposure was a 4-level variable based on whether OTPs had a high percentage (≥ 90% of clients) who experienced randomized, observed, both, or neither modality of UDS. The outcome was the proportion of clients retained in treatment 1 year or longer (long-term retention). Analyses were conducted using fractional logit regression with survey weighting and presented as percentages and 95% confidence intervals. We also present how policies for involuntary clinic discharge modify these effects.
results150 OTPs were eligible with a median of 310 clients. 40 (27%) OTPs did not highly utilize either randomized or observed UDS, 22 (15%) only highly utilized observed UDS, 42 (28%) only highly utilized randomized UDS and 46 (31%) utilized both practices on ≥ 90% of clients. Adjusted estimates for long-term retention ranged from 57.7% in OTPs that conducted both randomized and observed UDS on ≥ 90% of clients and 70.4% in OTPs that did not highly utilize these practices. Involuntary discharge may moderate this relationship.
conclusionFindings showed an association between high utilization of randomized and observed UDS and decreased long-term retention, suggesting that UDS modality may impact long-term OTP retention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.