ArticleMolecular biology reports2024
Shikonin improves the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade in colorectal cancer by enhancing immunogenicity via Hsp70 upregulation.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- SingleInternational journal of oncology · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Immunogenic Cell Death and Cellular Senescence in Cancer Immunotherapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine remodels the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- PH responsive hydrogel nanocomposites for targeted Shikonin delivery enhance anti PDL1 immunotherapy in osteosarcoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Shikonin as a Dietary Phytochemical with Multi-Target Anti-Cancer Activities: From Molecular Mechanisms to Translational Applications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Review
- Exosome: an overview on enhanced biogenesis by small molecules.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Targeting PKM2 in cancer therapeutics: mechanistic advances and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Research progress in mechanism of anticancer action of shikonin targeting reactive oxygen species.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPD-1 blockade has shown impressive clinical outcomes in colorectal cancers patients with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). However, the majority of patients with colorectal cancer who present low microsatellite instability (MSI-L) or stable microsatellites (MSS) show little response to PD-1 blockade therapy. Here, we have demonstrated that Shikonin (SK) could induce cell death of CT26 cells via classically programmed and immunogenic pathways. METHODS AND
resultsSK promoted the membrane exposure of calreticulin and upregulated the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). The upregulation of Hsp70 was dependent on ROS induced by SK and silencing of PKM2 in CT26 cells reverts ROS upregulation. Besides, SK synergizes with PD-1 blockade in CT26 tumor mice model, with the increase of intramural DC cells and CD8
conclusionsOur study elucidated the potential role of 'Shikonin-PKM2-ROS-Hsp70' axis in the promotion of efficacy of PD-1 blockade in CRC treatments, providing a potential strategy and targets for improving the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in colorectal cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.