ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2024
Prevalence of and risk factors for iron deficiency among pregnant women with moderate or severe anaemia in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalences of erythropoiesis-associated micronutrient deficiencies (iron, folate, and vitamin BAnnals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior to prevent iron deficiency anemia in female high school students.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Assessment of Nutritional and Nonnutritional Correlates of Anemia in Pregnancy: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study for Public Health Interventions in the Bono East Region of Ghana.Health science reports · 2026Article
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- Article
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- Integrating a single-dose intravenous iron therapy (ferric carboxymaltose) for maternal anaemia in Nigeria: Insights from stakeholder engagement.Journal of public health in Africa · 2026Article
- Innovative hematological strategies to combat maternal and child mortality in Africa: focus on anemia and sickle cell disease.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy in Ghana.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and related complications with specific insight in Rivers State, Nigeria: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Article
- Is an improvement in anaemia and iron levels associated with the risk of early postpartum depression? A cohort study from Lagos, Nigeria.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Red blood cell indices versus serum ferritin as surrogate markers of iron deficiency during pregnancy.PloS one · 2025Article
- Dietary diversity insufficiently explains differences in prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy across regions in Nigeria: A secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2018.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Health Education and Promotion Interventions to Mitigate Geophagic Practise: A Scoping Review.Public health reviews · 2025Review
- Geophagy: uses and perceptions of women of childbearing age in Tshwane District, Gauteng Province-a qualitative study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Health-Related Experiences of Geophagia Among Women of Reproductive Age in Tshwane District, Gauteng Province: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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13 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnaemia during pregnancy causes adverse outcomes to the woman and the foetus, including anaemic heart failure, prematurity, and intrauterine growth restriction. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the leading cause of anaemia and oral iron supplementation during pregnancy is widely recommended. However, little focus is directed to dietary intake. This study estimates the contribution of IDA among pregnant women and examines its risk factors (including dietary) in those with moderate or severe IDA in Lagos and Kano states, Nigeria.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 11,582 women were screened for anaemia at 20-32 weeks gestation. The 872 who had moderate or severe anaemia (haemoglobin concentration < 10 g/dL) were included in this study. Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin level < 30 ng/mL. We described the sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of the sample and their self-report of consumption of common food items. We conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with IDA.
resultsIron deficiency was observed among 41% (95%CI: 38 - 45) of women with moderate or severe anaemia and the prevalence increased with gestational age. The odds for IDA reduces from aOR: 0.36 (95%CI: 0.13 - 0.98) among pregnant women who consume green leafy vegetables every 2-3 weeks, to 0.26 (95%CI: 0.09 - 0.73) among daily consumers, compared to those who do not eat it. Daily consumption of edible kaolin clay was associated with increased odds of having IDA compared to non-consumption, aOR 9.13 (95%CI: 3.27 - 25.48). Consumption of soybeans three to four times a week was associated with higher odds of IDA compared to non-consumption, aOR: 1.78 (95%CI: 1.12 - 2.82).
conclusionAbout 4 in 10 women with moderate or severe anaemia during pregnancy had IDA. Our study provides evidence for the protective effect of green leafy vegetables against IDA while self-reported consumption of edible kaolin clay and soybeans appeared to increase the odds of having IDA during pregnancy. Health education on diet during pregnancy needs to be strengthened since this could potentially increase awareness and change behaviours that could reduce IDA among pregnant women with moderate or severe anaemia in Nigeria and other countries.
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