ReviewParasitology research2024
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis: a review of Naegleria fowleri and analysis of successfully treated cases.
Review in Parasitology research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promising Drug Repurposing Candidates Targeting Free-Living Amoebae: A Systematic and Critical Review of Laboratory-Based Evidence.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- A case report of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in a Chinese adult male.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis caused by Complement C2 Deficiency.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The Activity of FDA-Approved Prodrug Isavuconazonium Sulfate and Its Major Metabolite Isavuconazole AgainstPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Fatal Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in Coastal Areas of North China in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Article
- Rare Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis diagnosed via combined molecular biology and metagenomic sequencing techniques: a case report.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- A review of the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Understanding the pathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri in association with N. fowleri antigen-1 (Nfa1).Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2024Review
- Food Webs and Feedbacks: The Untold Ecological Relevance of Antimicrobial Resistance as Seen in Harmful Algal Blooms.Microorganisms · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a necrotizing and hemorrhagic inflammation of the brain and meninges caused by Naegleria fowleri, a free-living thermophilic ameba of freshwater systems. PAM remains a neglected disease that disproportionately affects children in tropical and subtropical climates, with an estimated mortality rate of 95-98%. Due to anthropogenic climate change, the average temperature in the USA has increased by 0.72 to 1.06 °C in the last century, promoting the poleward spread of N. fowleri. PAM is often misdiagnosed as bacterial meningitis or viral encephalitis, which shortens the window for potentially life-saving treatment. Diagnosis relies on the patient's history of freshwater exposure and the physician's high index of suspicion, supported by cerebrospinal fluid studies. While no experimental trials have been conducted to assess the relative efficacy of treatment regimens, anti-amebic therapy with adjunctive neuroprotection is standard treatment in the USA. We performed a literature review and identified five patients from North America between 1962 and 2022 who survived PAM with various degrees of sequelae.
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Registered trials
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