ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2024
Are the diagnostic rates of autistic females increasing? An examination of state-wide trends.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Who, when, where, and why: A systematic review of "late diagnosis" in autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Pooled it
- Sex-dependent effects of imperatorin on autistic-like behaviors and BDNF signaling in rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Autistic Masking and Mental Health Outcomes in Autistic Women: A Systematic Review (2015-2025).Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- National Trends in Education and Employment Outcomes for Canadians With Developmental Disabilities and Autism: Findings From the 2017 and 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Sexual dimorphism of autism-like phenotypes in microglial eIF4E overexpression mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Clinical Phenotypes and Neurobiology of Youth With Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Across Sex.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Autism spectrum disorder: has it lost its meaning and is it leading to misdiagnosis?Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Early Childhood Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Autism: Findings From the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Are items from current self-report measures adequate for assessing autistic traits in women? Insights from a modified Delphi study with autistic women and professional experts.Molecular autism · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Co-occurring Mental, Neurodevelopmental and Neurological Conditions in Medicaid Beneficiaries With Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the global burden of autism spectrum disorders: An analysis based on GBD 2021 data.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Psychiatric Emergency Visits of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Upper-Middle-Income Country.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Initial diagnosis patterns of coexisting mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions in autistic children and youth: Evidence from a nationally representative sample in Canada.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Identifying Two Autism Biotypes Using Multi-Task Learning Derived Individual-Specific Functional Connectivity.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Youth on the autism spectrum hospitalized for suicide related thoughts and behaviors: Characteristics and perspectives from the field.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Autism prevalence and the limits of diagnostic expansion: a perspective on diagnostic validity, adult assessment, and phenotypic stratification.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Suicide attempt risk in autism: a national EHR study of 2.3 million individuals.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Experiences of autistic women in menopause: brief review and recommendations for practice and research.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- How Diagnostically Accurate are #Autism Portrayals? A Latent Space Item Response Modeling Approach.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAutism has been considered a 'male-dominant' condition. However, recent research suggests that autistic females are underdiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and later diagnosed. Females may also have different and more nuanced behavioral profiles. To examine diagnosis rates of females, we used 20 years of state-wide data to characterize historical trends in the diagnosis of autism in females to determine whether the proportion of females diagnosed with autism has changed over time.
methodsData were drawn from 10,247 participants (males = 8,319, females = 1928) who received an autism diagnosis between 2000 and 2021 from state-wide autism centers associated with the University of North Carolina TEACCH Autism Program.
resultsThe rates of females diagnosed with autism increased at a greater rate compared with males. Age of diagnosis remained consistently higher for females. Late diagnosis (defined as 13+) increased over time across both males and females, however, was more commonly associated with females, particularly those with co-occurring intellectual disability.
conclusionsOur results indicate that the proportion of females diagnosed with autism has increased steadily over a 20-year period, which likely reflects greater societal knowledge of how autism may manifest differentially in females.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.