ArticleScience advances2024
Low-voltage electrohydraulic actuators for untethered robotics.
Article in Science advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Soft Skins With Reversible Thickness Morphing: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Driving Drugs Deeper: Force-Driven Microneedle Systems for Active Therapy and Their Road Towards Clinical Implementation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Muscle coactivation-inspired stiffness-driven control strategy for antagonistic soft robots.Science advances · 2026Article
- Electrohydraulic Folding Ring Actuators for Radially Contracting Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Artificial Muscles: Electrostatic Actuation and Design Tradeoffs.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Versatile artificial muscles by decoupling anisotropy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Soft Biomimetic Underwater Vehicles: A Review of Actuation Mechanisms, Structure Designs and Underwater Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Electrostatic adhesion mitigates aerodynamic losses from gap formations in feathered wings.Communications engineering · 2025Article
- Architected Soft Actuators for Artificial Musculoskeletal Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Rapid moving by liquid-amplified electrostatic rolling.Science advances · 2025Article
- Review of Electrohydraulic Actuators Inspired by the HASEL Actuator.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Multimodal Amphibious Robot Driven by Soft Electrohydraulic Flippers.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Electrohydraulic musculoskeletal robotic leg for agile, adaptive, yet energy-efficient locomotion.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rigid robots can be precise but struggle in environments where compliance, robustness to disturbances, or energy efficiency is crucial. This has led researchers to develop biomimetic robots incorporating soft artificial muscles. Electrohydraulic actuators are promising artificial muscles that perform comparably to mammalian muscles in speed and power density. However, their operation requires several thousand volts. The high voltage leads to bulky and inefficient driving electronics. Here, we present hydraulically amplified low-voltage electrostatic (HALVE) actuators that match mammalian skeletal muscles in average power density (50.5 watts per kilogram) and peak strain rate (971% per second) at a 4.9 times lower driving voltage (1100 volts) compared to the state of the art. HALVE actuators are safe to touch, are waterproof, and exhibit self-clearing properties. We characterize, model, and validate key performance metrics of our actuator. Last, we demonstrate the utility of HALVE actuators on a robotic gripper and a soft robotic swimmer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.