ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2024
Sociodemographic inequities in the burden of carcinogenic industrial air emissions in the United States.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Industrial Pollution and Health in Louisiana: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies.Current environmental health reports · 2026Pooled it
- Sociodemographic characteristics of populations living near industrial land disposals of known and suspected carcinogens across the United States.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Distance to Care, Regional Context, and Survival in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.Journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cancer incidence persist across race and ethnicity.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Industrial point source emissions and incident breast and lung cancers: two case-control studies.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Residential proximity to Superfund sites and breast cancer incidence in a nationwide cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Environmental exposures, microbiome dynamics and chronic disease risk in climate-vulnerable regions: interdisciplinary perspectives from Puerto Rico.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- The upside and challenge of getting it wrong.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Potential Exposure to Environmental Toxic Emissions and Increased Cancer Risk in Puerto Rico.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Air Pollutants in Puerto Rico: Key Pollutants and Carcinogenic Properties.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- The Impact of Climate Change on Cancer Surgery and Healthcare Delivery: A Review of Environmental and Surgical Challenges.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Review
- Ambient dioxin exposure and incidence of lymphoid malignancies in large prospective US cohorts of female nurses.Journal of hazardous materials · 2025Article
- Identifying differences in U.S. exposure to ubiquitous carcinogens.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Nationwide sociodemographic patterns in airborne exposure to probable carcinogens from industrial sources.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Lung Cancer and the Environment.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Carcinogenic Industrial Air Emissions and Lung Cancer Risk in a Cohort of 440,000 Americans.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Chrome Plating Facility Siting Is Associated with Neighborhood Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors and Elevated Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Blood in California.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Environmental Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Through the Lens of Social Determinants of Health.Arthritis care & research · 2025Review
- Industrial Air Emissions and Breast Cancer Incidence in a United States-wide Prospective Cohort.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndustrial facilities are not located uniformly across communities in the United States, but how the burden of exposure to carcinogenic air emissions may vary across population characteristics is unclear. We evaluated differences in carcinogenic industrial pollution among major sociodemographic groups in the United States and Puerto Rico.
methodsWe evaluated cross-sectional associations of population characteristics including race and ethnicity, educational attainment, and poverty at the census tract level with point-source industrial emissions of 21 known human carcinogens using regulatory data from the US Environmental Protection Agency. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals comparing the highest emissions (tertile or quintile) to the referent group (zero emissions [ie, nonexposed]) for all sociodemographic characteristics were estimated using multinomial, population density-adjusted logistic regression models.
resultsIn 2018, approximately 7.4 million people lived in census tracts with nearly 12 million pounds of carcinogenic air releases. The odds of tracts having the greatest burden of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, trichloroethylene, and nickel emissions compared with nonexposed were 10%-20% higher for African American populations, whereas White populations were up to 18% less likely to live in tracts with the highest emissions. Among Hispanic and Latino populations, odds were 16%-21% higher for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and ethylene oxide. Populations experiencing poverty or with less than high school education were associated with up to 51% higher burden, irrespective of race and ethnicity.
conclusionsCarcinogenic industrial emissions disproportionately impact African American and Hispanic and Latino populations and people with limited education or experiencing poverty thus representing a source of pollution that may contribute to observed cancer disparities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.