ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2024
Red light instruments for myopia exceed safety limits.
Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of interventions for myopia control in children: A systematic review with network meta-analyses.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy comparison of atropine, orthokeratology and repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia control in children: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of repeated low-level red light therapy on myopia progression in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Light Therapy for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review on Effectiveness, Safety, and Implementation.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Pooled it
- Low-level red-light therapy for myopia control in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Pooled it
- Current Evidence on Options and Efficacy of Combination Therapy for Myopia Control-A Narrative Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
- Potential Inhibitory Effect of LED-Sourced Red Light Therapy on Ocular Growth in Normal and Myopic Chicks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Effect on Emmetropization of the Timing and Spectrum of Breaks From a Myopiagenic Environment.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Ocular Transmission of Red and Violet Light: Insights into Light-Based Myopia Therapies.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Review
- Current and Emerging Strategies for Myopia Control in Children: A Comprehensive Evidence-Based Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Short-term exposure to cyan light attenuates myopigenic effects of hyperopic defocus on ocular biometry in humans.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effect of Repeated Medium-Dose Red Laser Irradiation on Ocular Tissues in Guinea Pigs.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- MyopiaX-1 Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Approach to Slow Juvenile Myopia Progression: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Management of myopia: a mini-review.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2026Review
- Influence of light on myopia-a review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Role of light in eye growth and light as a therapy for myopia control.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Identifying and Managing Pre-Myopia: A Narrative Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- IMI: The Role of Light in Refractive Development and Myopia: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeLow-level red light (LLRL) therapy has recently emerged as a myopia treatment in children, with several studies reporting significant reduction in axial elongation and myopia progression. The goal of this study was to characterise the output and determine the thermal and photochemical maximum permissible exposure (MPE) of LLRL devices for myopia control.
methodsTwo LLRL devices, a Sky-n1201a and a Future Vision, were examined. Optical power measurements were made using an integrating sphere radiometer through a 7-mm diameter aperture, in accordance with ANSI Z136.1-2014, sections 3.2.3-3.2.4. Retinal spot sizes of the devices were obtained using a model eye and high-resolution beam profiler. Corneal irradiance, retinal irradiance and MPE were calculated for an eye positioned at the oculars of each device.
resultsBoth devices were confirmed to be Class 1 laser products. Findings showed that the Sky-n1201a delivers laser light as a point source with a 654-nm wavelength, 0.2 mW power (Ø 7 mm aperture, 10-cm distance), 1.17 mW/cm DISCUSSION: For both of the LLRL devices evaluated here, 3 min of continuous viewing approached or surpassed the MPE, putting the retina at risk of photochemical and thermal damage. Clinicians should be cautious with the use of LLRL therapy for myopia in children until safety standards can be confirmed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.