ReviewJournal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)2024
Outcome and Sequelae of Autoimmune Encephalitis.
Review in Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Outcomes in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Nationwide, Clinical Study in Denmark.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Long-term patient-reported neurocognitive and functional outcomes after tick-borne encephalitis: a prospective controlled multicenter cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis in Acute Care-Pathology, Diagnosis, and Management.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case Report and Literature Review on Psychiatric Presentations.Case reports in psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Case of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Autoimmune Encephalitis in a 34-Year-Old Man Thought to Have Schizophrenia.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Predictors of return to work status among patients with autoimmune encephalitis at one year post-discharge: a prospective observational study.BMC neurology · 2025Observational
- Article
- Subjective psychiatric symptoms in post-acute autoimmune encephalitis: findings from the Australian autoimmune encephalitis consortium.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Clinical Features, Antibody Profiles, and Prognostic Factors in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- NMDAR Encephalitis: Identifying Prognostic Biomarkers.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Synapse vulnerability and resilience across the clinical spectrum of dementias.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- [Clinical Features and Functional Prognosis in Patients with Possible Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Neurological Emergency Department].Revista de neurologia · 2025Observational
- Autoimmune encephalitis in Latin America. Clinical features and outcomes in pediatric and adult populations: retrospective cohort of The REAL LABIC Project.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Innovation and optimization in autoimmune encephalitis trials: the design and rationale for the Phase 3, randomized study of satralizumab in patients with NMDAR-IgG-antibody-positive or LGI1-IgG-antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis (CIELO).Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune etiologies are a common cause for encephalitis. The clinical syndromes consistent with autoimmune encephalitis are both distinct and increasingly recognized, but less is known about persisting sequelae or outcomes. We searched PubMed for reports on outcomes after autoimmune encephalitis. Studies assessing validated, quantitative outcomes were included. We performed a narrative review of the published literature of outcomes after autoimmune encephalitis. We found 146 studies that produced outcomes data. The mortality rates were 6%-19% and the relapse risks were 10%-62%. Most patients achieved a good outcome based on a score on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of ≤2. Forty-nine studies evaluated outcomes beyond mRS; these studies investigated cognitive outcome, psychiatric sequelae, neurological deficits, global function, and quality-of-life/patient-reported outcomes using various tools at varying time points after the index hospital discharge. These more-detailed assessments revealed that most patients had persistent impairments, with frequent deficits in cognitive function, especially memory and attention. Depression and anxiety were also common. Many of these sequelae continued to improve over months or even years after the acute illness. While we found that lasting impairments were common among survivors of autoimmune encephalitis, additional research is needed to better understand the nature and impact of these sequelae. Standardized evaluation protocols are needed to improve the ability to compare outcomes across studies, guide rehabilitation strategies, and inform outcomes of interest in treatment trials as the field advances.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.