ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2023
TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants in the prevention of viral infections: an overview.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of structural and immunological features of mollusk toll-like receptors in aquaculture context.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- The cell-type-specific roles of Toll-like receptors in herpes simplex virus infection and pathogenesis.Virulence · 2026Review
- Unveiling the sensing potential of innate lymphoid cells.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Host Innate Immunity: Insights Into TLR Signaling, PRR Crosstalk, and Viral Immune Evasion.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Epitope-based vaccine of NiV targeting glycoprotein and fusion protein: an integrated immunoinformatics and bioinformatics approach.Virus research · 2026Article
- Respiratory Microbiome Remodeling in Aging: Implications for Immunosenescence and Therapeutic Intervention.Immune network · 2026Review
- Computational design and molecular characterization of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine targeting pancreatic cancer.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Differential regulation of monocyte exhaustion by distinct TLR agonists and underlying mechanisms.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- From Innate to Adaptive: Paradigm Shifts and Frontier Challenges in Next-Generation Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Article
- TNFRSF11B modulates Marek's disease virus infection by regulating apoptosis in chicken embryo fibroblasts.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Designing a broad-spectrum multi-epitope vaccine against influenza A andFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Vaxjo 2.0: An ontology- and large language model-powered knowledge base of vaccine adjuvants and mechanisms.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Nano-adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity and safety of infectious bursal disease virus vaccines: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Synthetic double-stranded RNA in antiviral immunity and vaccine adjuvant: insights into poly(I:C) and poly(A:U).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in the Immunogenicity Landscape of Norovirus Vaccines.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- In Situ Vaccines in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Conceptual Innovation and Clinical Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Advances and Strategies in Enhancing mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Article
- Gut microbiome and viral infections: A hidden nexus for immune protection.World journal of virology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tol-like receptor (TLR) agonists, as potent adjuvants, have gained attention in vaccine research for their ability to enhance immune responses. This study focuses on their application in improving vaccine efficacy against key viral infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and flaviviruses, including West Nile virus, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus. Vaccines are crucial in preventing microbial infections, including viruses, and adjuvants play a vital role in modulating immune responses. However, there are still many diseases for which effective vaccines are lacking or have limited immune response, posing significant threats to human health. The use of TLR agonists as adjuvants in viral vaccine formulations holds promise in improving vaccine effectiveness. By tailoring adjuvants to specific pathogens, such as HBV, HCV, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and flavivirus, protective immunity against chronic and emerging infectious disease can be elicited.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.