ArticleFrontiers in medicine2023
Possible risk factors of opaque bubble layer and its effect on high-order aberrations after small incision Lenticule extraction.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preoperative predictive factors for opaque bubble layer formation and area during small-incision lenticule extraction: predictive models based on machine learning.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Analysis of Factors Affecting the Astigmatic Correction Outcomes of Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Based on TransRes-Pix2Pix network to generate the OBL image during SMILE surgery.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Development of risk prediction model for small incision lenticule extraction.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting an opaque bubble layer during small-incision lenticule extraction surgery based on deep learning.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Deep learning models for predicting opaque bubble layer morphology of keratorefractive lenticule extraction before laser scanning.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the possible risk factors of opaque bubble layer (OBL) formation in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery and its effects on visual quality. Methods: Fifty-six eyes from 28 patients were included in this study. The preoperative parameters and intraoperative designs were recorded. Corneal high-order aberrations (HOAs), point spread function (PSF), and modulation transfer function (MTF) were measured using iTrace at pre-operation, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after SMILE. Generalized Estimating Equation and Linear Mixed Effects Model were employed for statistical analysis. Results: The mean OBL area in SMILE surgery was 2.75% ± 1.25%. The patients were divided into groups based on whether the OBL was greater than the mean group or less than the mean group. Compared to the group with a smaller OBL area, the group with the larger OBL area had steeper corneal curvature and thinner cap thickness, the OBL area was positively correlated with the preoperative keratometry (r = 0.21, Conclusion: A steep corneal curvature, thin cap thickness, and high preoperative spherical value are possible risk factors for OBL formation in SMILE surgery. The OBL increased the ocular and corneal HOAs postoperatively for a short period (1 week), while it did not affect the long-term outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.