ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2024
Everything but the Kitchen Sink: An Analysis of Bacterial and Chemical Contaminants Found in Syringe Residue From People Who Inject Drugs.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Management of Non-HACEK Gram-Negative Infective Endocarditis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bacterial and fungal infections in persons who inject drugs.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Emergence of Infective Endocarditis Due toOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effect of environmental stress factors on the expression of virulence genes and pathogenicity of lethalFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Microbes Causing Spinal Epidural Infection in Patients Who Use Drugs.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Descriptive Exploration of Features Among Infants With Prenatal Fentanyl Exposure in a Multisite Cohort of Maternal-Infant Dyads Affected by Opioid Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk of severe wounds, invasive infections, and overdoses. To date, there are few data on the bacterial and chemical contaminants PWID are exposed to when using illicitly manufactured fentanyls and stimulants. Methods: Previously used injection drug use equipment was recovered in St Louis, Missouri, by harm reduction organizations over a 12-month period. Syringe residue was analyzed for bacterial contaminants by routine culturing followed by whole genome sequencing of single bacterial isolates. Chemical adulterants in syringe residue were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Bacteria were cultured from 58.75% of 160 syringes analyzed. Polymicrobial growth was common and was observed in 23.75% of samples. Conclusions: Analysis of syringe residue from discarded drug use equipment demonstrates both chemical and biological contaminants, including medically important pathogens and adulterants.
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Registered trials
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