ArticleGut pathogens2024
Temporal changes in the positivity rate of common enteric viruses among paediatric admissions in coastal Kenya, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2022.
Article in Gut pathogens, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Disease burden of norovirus-associated diarrhea among children under 5 years old in China: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Infections in Hospitalized Children During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.Viruses · 2025Article
- Molecular detection and characterization of human bocavirus in environmental waters in Thailand from 2020 to 2022.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of adenovirus, rotavirus A, and coinfection in children during 2014-2023 in Guangzhou, China.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Multispecies Cocirculation of Adenoviruses Identified by Next-Generation Sequencing During an Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak in Coastal Kenya in 2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Effect of COVID-19 protective measures on the epidemiology characteristics of rotavirus, adenovirus, and coinfections among pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Hangzhou, China.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Regional and temporal variations in COVID-19 cases and deaths in Ethiopia: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 enhanced surveillance and response.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to curb the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, substantially disrupted the activity of other respiratory viruses. However, there is limited data from low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) to determine whether these NPIs also impacted the transmission of common enteric viruses. Here, we investigated the changes in the positivity rate of five enteric viruses among hospitalised children who presented with diarrhoea to a referral hospital in coastal Kenya, during COVID-19 pandemic period.
methodsA total of 870 stool samples from children under 13 years of age admitted to Kilifi County Hospital between January 2019, and December 2022 were screened for rotavirus group A (RVA), norovirus genogroup II (GII), astrovirus, sapovirus, and adenovirus type F40/41 using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The proportions positive across the four years were compared using the chi-squared test statistic.
resultsOne or more of the five virus targets were detected in 282 (32.4%) cases. A reduction in the positivity rate of RVA cases was observed from 2019 (12.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.7-16.2%) to 2020 (1.7%, 95% CI 0.2-6.0%; p < 0.001). However, in the 2022, RVA positivity rate rebounded to 23.5% (95% CI 18.2%-29.4%). For norovirus GII, the positivity rate fluctuated over the four years with its highest positivity rate observed in 2020 (16.2%; 95% C.I, 10.0-24.1%). No astrovirus cases were detected in 2020 and 2021, but the positivity rate in 2022 was similar to that in 2019 (3.1% (95% CI 1.5%-5.7%) vs. 3.3% (95% CI 1.4-6.5%)). A higher case fatality rate was observed in 2021 (9.0%) compared to the 2019 (3.2%), 2020 (6.8%) and 2022 (2.1%) (p < 0.001).
conclusionOur study finds that in 2020 the transmission of common enteric viruses, especially RVA and astrovirus, in Kilifi Kenya may have been disrupted due to the COVID-19 NPIs. After 2020, local enteric virus transmission patterns appeared to return to pre-pandemic levels coinciding with the removal of most of the government COVID-19 NPIs.
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