ArticleBMC biotechnology2024
Tuning spacer length improves the functionality of the nanobody-based VEGFR2 CAR T cell.
Article in BMC biotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Antibody format matters: A comparative analysis of VHH and scFv domains reveals superior in vivo CAR T cell function with VHH domains.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Nanobody-based targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy: fear not the future.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Review
- Targeting the synovial engine: next-generation engineered immune cells to eradicate pathogenic FLS in rheumatoid arthritis, with safety-first, selective designs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of second and third-generation nanobody-based CAR-NK cells targeting PSMA in prostate cancer immunotherapy:Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting angiogenesis: advances in the design and engineered applications of nanobodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Engineering CAR-T cells for solid tumors: bispecific antigen targeting, tumor microenvironment modulation, and toxicity control.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Nanobodies and their derivatives: pioneering the future of cancer immunotherapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- A Quantitative Approach to Potency Testing for Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Encoding Lentiviral Vectors and Autologous CAR-T Cell Products, Using Flow Cytometry.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T (CAR-T) cells for cancer immunotherapy have obtained considerable clinical importance. CAR T cells need an optimized intracellular signaling domain to get appropriately activated and also for the proper antigen recognition, the length and composition of the extracellular spacer are critical factors.
resultsWe constructed two third-generation nanobody-based VEGFR2-CARs containing either IgG1 hinge-CH2-CH3 region or hinge-only as long or short extracellular spacers, respectively. Both CARs also contained intracellular activating domains of CD28, OX40, and CD3ζ. The T cells from healthy individuals were transduced efficiently with the two CARs, and showed increased secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ cytokines, and also CD69 and CD25 activation markers along with cytolytic activity after encountering VEGFR2
conclusionsThe results demonstrated that the third-generation anti-VEGFR2 nanobody-based CAR T cell with a long spacer had a superior function and potentially could be a better candidate for solid tumor treatment.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.