ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2024
Associations between dry eye disease and sleep quality: a cross-sectional analysis.
Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between circadian rhythm sleep disorders and dry eye disease: a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Chronic Ocular Surface Pain: A Missing Member of the Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions?Drugs · 2026Review
- Prolonged aftersensations to thermal noxious stimulation as a screening tool for central contributions to chronic ocular pain.The journal of pain · 2026Article
- Dry Eye Disease and Psychiatric Disorders: Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Validation of the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey Instrument With Rasch Analysis.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Analysis of Sleep Quality Evaluation Factors Affecting Dry Eye Syndrome.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Sleep Disturbances and Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs, Systemic Conditions, and Inflammatory Markers in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study.Cornea open · 2024Article
- The relationship between sex hormone levels and ocular surface parameters in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsTo investigate relationships between dry eye (DE) disease and sleep quality, with a focus on which aspects of sleep most closely relate to DE.
methods141 veterans (mean age: 56±5) seen at the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic filled out questionnaires to quantify the severity of DE symptoms (5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)) and ocular pain (Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory modified for the Eye (NPSI-E)). All individuals also underwent an ocular surface examination. Aspects of sleep quality were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). DE metrics were examined by PSQI scores and subscores.
resultsMost participants (76%) reported mild or greater DE symptoms (DEQ-5 ≥6). Overall, ocular symptoms were more related to sleep metrics than signs. The strongest DE symptom association was between the OSDI and sleep disturbances (PSQI subscore 5, r=0.49, p<0.0005). For DE signs, ocular surface inflammation and meibum quality were related to subjective sleep quality (PSQI subscore 1, r=0.29, p=0.03, for both). On linear regression analyses, most ocular symptom questionnaires remained associated with sleep disturbances (PSQI subscore 5: NRS (r=0.52, p<0.0005), DEQ-5 (r=0.36, p<0.0005), and OSDI (r=0.31, p<0.0005)). For DE signs, ocular surface inflammation and meibum quality remained associated with subjective sleep quality (r=0.26, p=0.01; r=0.46, p<0.0005, respectively).
conclusionDE symptom and ocular pain intensity were closely related to sleep metrics, most strongly to sleep disturbances. Relationships were weaker for DE signs, with subjective sleep quality relating to inflammation and meibum quality.
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Registered trials
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