Observational studyJournal of medical virology2024
Association of nirmatrelvir for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection with subsequent Long COVID symptoms in an observational cohort study.
Observational study in Journal of medical virology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of BAY 11-7082 in SARS-CoV-2 infection via inhibition of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Paxlovid shows organ-specific and age-specific impacts on risk of developing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy mitigates persistent neurological deficits in mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of long COVID among hospitalized patients with omicron infection in Changzhi, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19-associated neurological and psychological manifestations.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir on post-COVID-19 outcomes among outpatients: a target trial emulation investigation.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Observational
- Persistence of symptoms in long-COVID: follow-up trajectories of 30 symptoms in 755 patients from a national multicenter study from Italy.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk of Post-COVID-19 Conditions Among Adolescents and Adults Who Received Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir for Acute COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effect of Paxlovid treatment during acute COVID-19 on Long COVID onset: An EHR-based target trial emulation from the N3C and RECOVER consortia.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
- Association of COVID vaccinations and treatments with long COVID beyond 6 months: a case-control study on the adult population in a large integrated healthcare system in the United States from 2020 to 2023.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of cepharanthine-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex oral tablets for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 lung injury.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive Strategies.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Incidence of COVID-19 Symptom Rebound After Treatment with Remdesivir.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- EFFECT OF PAXLOVID TREATMENT DURING ACUTE COVID-19 ON LONG COVID ONSET: AN EHR-BASED TARGET TRIAL EMULATION FROM THE N3C AND RECOVER CONSORTIA.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Serum Spike Protein Persistence Post COVID Is Not Associated with ME/CFS.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Administration of antivirals, IL-6 inhibitors, monoclonal neutralizing antibodies and systemic corticosteroids in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection do not reduce the subsequent burden of Long-COVID symptoms.Le infezioni in medicina · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccination modified the effect of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir on post-acute mortality and rehospitalization: a retrospective cohort study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The Importance of Including Long COVID Outcomes When Developing Novel Treatments for Acute COVID-19.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is approved as treatment for acute COVID-19, but the effect of treatment during acute infection on risk of Long COVID is unknown. We hypothesized that nirmatrelvir treatment during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces risk of developing Long COVID and rebound after treatment is associated with Long COVID. We conducted an observational cohort study within the Covid Citizen Science (CCS) study, an online cohort study with over 100 000 participants. We included vaccinated, nonhospitalized, nonpregnant individuals who reported their first SARS-CoV-2 positive test March-August 2022. Oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment was ascertained during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patient-reported Long COVID symptoms, symptom rebound and test-positivity rebound were asked on subsequent surveys at least 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 4684 individuals met the eligibility criteria, of whom 988 (21.1%) were treated and 3696 (78.9%) were untreated; 353/988 (35.7%) treated and 1258/3696 (34.0%) untreated responded to the Long COVID survey (n = 1611). Among 1611 participants, median age was 55 years and 66% were female. At 5.4 ± 1.3 months after infection, nirmatrelvir treatment was not associated with subsequent Long COVID symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-1.64; p = 0.45). Among 666 treated who answered rebound questions, rebound symptoms or test positivity were not associated with Long COVID symptoms (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.74-2.41; p = 0.33). Within this cohort of vaccinated, nonhospitalized individuals, oral nirmatrelvir treatment during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and rebound after nirmatrelvir treatment were not associated with Long COVID symptoms more than 90 days after infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.