ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and invasive papillary thyroid cancer.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Thyroid Cancer: Oncogenesis, Progression, and Therapeutic Implications.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Predictors of poor prognosis in long-term survivors of differentiated thyroid cancer with psychiatric disorders.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Burden of thyroid cancer in the older adult aged 60 and over from 1990 to 2021 and forecast of the situation in 2030.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Coexisting parathyroid adenoma, thyroid carcinoma, and tuberculosis of thyroid: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- A review of complex hormone regulation in thyroid cancer: novel insights beyond the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid dysfunction. Approximately 10% of patients with thyroid cancer have subclinical hypothyroidism. There is a paucity of real-world studies examining the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and known correlates of invasiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study of 13,717 patients with PTC was conducted. Odds ratios were calculated to assess the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and extrathyroidal extension (ETE) after adjusting for BMI and genders. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were utilized for the analysis of TSHR-associated pathways, while qRT-PCR was employed to validate the expression levels of pivotal genes in the relevant signaling pathways. Results: In total, 13,717 PTC patients (10,769 women and 2,948 men; mean [SD] age, 42.90 [9.43] years) were included in the retrospective study. Subclinical hypothyroidism was an independent risk factor for ETE (OR adjusted, 1.168 [95% CI, 1.028-1.327]; Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism was an independent risk factor for ETE in patients with PTC. This association was particularly significant in normal-weight and younger patients. The risk of ETE associated with subclinical hypothyroidism was higher in males compared to females. Our study indicates a potential involvement of the autophagy pathway in regulating the ETE phenotype in thyroid cancer, specifically in the context of subclinical hypothyroidism.
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