ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Appearance of tolerance-induction and non-inflammatory SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG4 antibodies after COVID-19 booster vaccinations.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination-first immune priming shapes a sustained mRNA vaccine-induced IgG4 class switch that associates with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- First exposure to SARS-CoV-2 shapes IgG subclass switching after mRNA vaccination.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Longevity and Magnitude of Antibody Responses After Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations in Bangladesh.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Simultaneous quantification of anti-Spike IgG subclasses against various SARS-CoV-2 variants using a multiplex serological assay.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccine booster uptake among healthcare workers in Bangladesh: predictors, challenges, and lessons from a low-income setting.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Building better antibody responses: The interplay of infection, vaccination, and immune imprinting.PNAS nexus · 2026Review
- Elicitation of neutralizing antibodies and IgG4 subclass switching following booster vaccination with ancestral COVID-19 mRNA vaccines does not reduce breakthrough infections.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Reduced Fc-mediated antibody responses after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in a cohort of people living with HIV-1.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Cross-Priming and Cross-Tolerance After Intramuscular mRNA Vaccination for Viral Infections: Feasibility and Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Phenotypic heterogeneity defines B cell responses to repeated SARS-CoV-2 exposures through vaccination and infection.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Spike specific IgG3 and nucleocapsid IgG response in serum serve as distinguishing immunological markers between SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Enhanced RBD-Specific Antibody Responses and SARS-CoV-2-Relevant T-Cell Activity in Healthcare Workers Following Booster Vaccination.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccination results in IgG4 class switching and decreased NK cell activation by S1-specific antibodies in older adults.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- Omicron XBB.1.16-Adapted Vaccine for COVID-19: Interim Immunogenicity and Safety Clinical Trial Results.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Understanding the characteristics of the humoral immune responses following COVID-19 vaccinations is crucial for refining vaccination strategies and predicting immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods: A longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) specific IgG antibody responses, encompassing IgG subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 was performed. Participants received four mRNA vaccine doses (group 1; n=10) or two ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and two mRNA booster doses (group 2; n=19) in Bangladesh over two years. Results: Findings demonstrate robust IgG responses after primary Covishield or mRNA doses; declining to baseline within six months. First mRNA booster restored and surpassed primary IgG responses but waned after six months. Surprisingly, a second mRNA booster did not increase IgG levels further. Comprehensive IgG subclass analysis showed primary Covishield/mRNA vaccination generated predominantly IgG1 responses with limited IgG2/IgG3, Remarkably, IgG4 responses exhibited a distinct pattern. IgG4 remained undetectable initially but increased extensively six months after the second mRNA dose, eventually replacing IgG1 after the 3rd/4th mRNA doses. Conversely, initial Covishield recipients lack IgG4, surged post-second mRNA booster. Notably, mRNA-vaccinated individuals displayed earlier, robust IgG4 levels post first mRNA booster versus Covishield counterparts. IgG1 to IgG4 ratios decreased with increasing doses, most pronounced with four mRNA doses. This study highlights IgG response kinetics, influenced by vaccine type and doses, impacting immunological tolerance and IgG4 induction, shaping future vaccination strategies. Conclusions: This study highlights the dynamics of IgG responses dependent on vaccine type and number of doses, leading to immunological tolerance and IgG4 induction, and shaping future vaccination strategies.
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Registered trials
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