Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38172919›Full record

ArticleVirology journal2024

Unexpected thermal stability of two enveloped megaviruses, Emiliania huxleyi virus and African swine fever virus, as measured by viability PCR.

Cecilia Balestreri, Declan C Schroeder, Fernando Sampedro, Guillermo Marqués, Amanda Palowski, Pedro E Urriola, Jennifer L G van de Ligt, Haile F Yancy, Gerald C Shurson

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virology journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
11.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Cecilia Balestreri *Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Declan C Schroeder *Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. dcschroe@umn.edu.
Fernando SampedroEnvironmental Health Sciences Division, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55455, USA.
Guillermo MarquésDepartment of Neuroscience, University Imaging Centers, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Amanda PalowskiDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Pedro E UrriolaDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Jennifer L G van de LigtDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Haile F YancyU.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA.
Gerald C ShursonDepartment of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. shurs001@umn.edu.
University of Minnesota · USUnited States Food and Drug Administration · US

Funding

United Soybean Board 1930-352-0516United Soybean Board 2140-352-0510University of Minnesota Imaging Centers SCR_02099U. S. Department of Agriculture NC229
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe particle structure of Emiliania huxleyi virus (EhV), an algal infecting member of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs), contains an outer lipid membrane envelope similar to that found in animal viruses such as African swine fever virus (ASFV). Despite both being enveloped NCLDVs, EhV and ASFV are known for their stability outside their host environment.

methodHere we report for the first time, the application of a viability qPCR (V-qPCR) method to describe the unprecedented and similar virion thermal stability of both EhV and ASFV. This result contradicts the cell culture-based assay method that suggests that virus "infectivity" is lost in a matter of seconds (for EhV) and minutes (for ASFV) at temperature greater than 50 °C. Confocal microscopy and analytical flow cytometry methods was used to validate the V-qPCR data for EhV.

resultsWe observed that both EhV and ASFV particles has unprecedented thermal tolerances. These two NCLDVs are exceptions to the rule that having an enveloped virion anatomy is a predicted weakness, as is often observed in enveloped RNA viruses (i.e., the viruses causing Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), COVID-19, Ebola, or seasonal influenza). Using the V-qPCR method, we confirm that no PRRSV particles were detectable after 20 min of exposure to temperatures up to 100 °C. We also show that the EhV particles that remain after 50 °C 20 min exposure was in fact still infectious only after the three blind passages in bioassay experiments.

conclusionsThis study raises the possibility that ASFV is not always eliminated or contained after applying time and temperature inactivation treatments in current decontamination or biosecurity protocols. This observation has practical implications for industries involved in animal health and food security. Finally, we propose that EhV could be used as a surrogate for ASFV under certain circumstances.

Indexed as

African Swine FeverAfrican Swine Fever VirusHaptophytaAnimalsPolymerase Chain ReactionSwineVirionAfrican swine fever virusEmiliania huxleyi virusNCLDVsThermal stabilityViability PCR

Identifiers

PMID38172919
PMCPMC10765680
OpenAlexW4390536059

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.