Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38172841›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2024

Early childhood caries risk indicators among preschool children in rural Egypt: a case control study.

Dina Attia, Mona K ElKashlan, Susan M Saleh

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06858462 (Evaluation of Caries Experience Using Three Different Indices CAST, ICDAS, and WHO in a Group of Egyptian Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06858462 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of Caries Experience Using Three Different Indices CAST, ICDAS, and WHO in a Group of Egyptian Children : a Cross-Sectional Study

TypeobservationalSponsorCairo UniversityRan2025 to 2025Enrolled1,000ConditionsCaries Experience
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in Africa: A Systematic Review.International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Streptococcus dentisani and Streptococcus mutans in dental biofilm of preschoolers with and without early childhood caries: a cross-sectional study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dina AttiaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. dina.ali@alexu.edu.eg.ORCID 0000-0002-9733-2567
Mona K ElKashlanDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Susan M SalehDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Alexandria University · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is a public health problem, especially in developing countries like Egypt which has an ECC prevalence of 74%. This research aimed to assess the risk indicators associated with ECC in a rural, socially-disadvantaged population in Alexandria, Egypt.

methodsA case-control study was conducted in 8 nurseries of preschool children aged 3 to 5 years in rural, deprived areas in Alexandria, Egypt, from October 2019 till January 2020. Two groups, 93 with ECC and 93 without ECC. A validated questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data including age, sex, number of siblings, socioeconomic status, oral health practices including toothbrushing frequency, pattern of dental visits, daily frequency of sugary snacks. Also, salivary pH and buffering capacity were assessed. A trained and calibrated dentist assessed caries status clinically according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria using the dmft index and oral hygiene status using Silness and Loe Plaque Index. Chi-squared test, followed by multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the relation between independent variables and ECC, P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

resultsBivariate analysis showed that age, mother's education, dental visits, dietary habits, Plaque index, salivary pH and buffering capacity were significantly associated with ECC. The significant risk indicators for ECC in multivariable regression were age (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.76-7.83), mother's education (illiterate vs. university educated, AOR = 28.36, 95% CI: 8.51-112.92), frequency of daily sugary snacks (twice vs. once, AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.29-3.49, and three or more vs. once, AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.72-3.27), night feeding (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.38-10.21), Plaque index (AOR = 21.34, 95% CI: 5.56-81.99), and salivary pH (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05-0.58).

conclusionThis study suggests that sociodemographic indicators, dietary habits, plaque accumulation and salivary pH are risk indicators for ECC in the studied population.

Indexed as

Dental CariesDental Caries SusceptibilityCase-Control StudiesChild, PreschoolEgyptHumansOral HealthPrevalenceRisk FactorsDmfECCEgyptOral hygieneSalivaSocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID38172841
PMCPMC10765893
OpenAlexW4390533829

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.