Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38172761›Full record

ArticleBMC women's health2024

The unbroken chain of female genital mutilation: a qualitative assessment of high school girls' perspectives.

Lina Hemmeda, Lena Anwer, Marwa Abbas, Lina Elfaki, Maram Omer, Maab Khalid, Mushrega Hassan, Mihrab Mostafa, Lina Hamza, Maab Mahmoud and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC women's health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lina HemmedaFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. lina.hemmeda@gmail.com.
Lena AnwerFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Marwa AbbasFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Lina ElfakiFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Maram OmerFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Maab KhalidFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mushrega HassanFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mihrab MostafaFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Lina HamzaFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Maab MahmoudFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Maram Mohamed OsmanFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mozan MohamedFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Lamees BakheetFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Alaa T OmerFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
University of Khartoum · SD

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFemale Genital Mutilation (FGM) is defined as any procedure that involves damage to the female external genitalia. This practice is majorly prevalent in Sudan, as it is estimated that over 12 million Sudanese women are circumcised. This study uncovers rural females' knowledge and insights about FGM domestically.

methodsA qualitative, deductive study with thematic analysis was conducted. A total of 42 female high school students were recruited and divided into five focus groups, each of which included girls from four different high school classes in the main school of the study area. A topic guide was prepared and used to lead the focus groups. Thematic analysis was used, and the study data had been categorized into four themes: knowledge, procedure and performance, experience, and practice. The condensed meaning units of each theme were identified, then classified to formulate sub-themes.

resultsAll the participants indicated that FGM is a traditional practice in the village. The vast majority have heard about it from family members, mainly mothers and grandmothers. Regarding the procedure, all the participants agreed that midwives perform FGM, but most of them don't know what exactly is being removed. According to all participants, mothers and grandmothers are the decision-makers for FGM. The majority of the participants stated that they do not discriminate between the circumcised and uncircumcised women and most of them agreed that circumcision has negative side effects. They have mentioned pain, difficult urination, and walking as early side effects, while psychological impacts and labor obstruction as late ones. Generally, the majority of the participants agreed that circumcision is not beneficial and should stop.

conclusionKnowledge regarding the dangers of FGM among high school girls is better than expected given the high prevalence of the practice. Generally, the process is well understood, the performers are known, the experience is universal, and the side effects are acknowledged. Nevertheless, a majority still showed an intent to circumcise their daughters in the future.

Indexed as

Circumcision, FemaleFemaleGenitalia, FemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMothersNuclear FamilyStudentsFemale genital mutilationPerceptionTraditionsWomen’s rights

Identifiers

PMID38172761
PMCPMC10765796
OpenAlexW4390533490

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.