ArticleBMC microbiology2024
Spotting disease disrupts the microbiome of infected purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural and Engineered Halloysite Clay Interact with Bacteria in a Double-Edged Manner.ACS applied bio materials · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome plasticity and host resistance in response to ocean warming in sub-Antarctic sea urchins.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Taxonomic Diversity, Predicted Metabolic Pathway, and Interaction Pattern of Bacterial Community in Sea UrchinMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Recombinant SpTransformer proteins are functionally diverse for binding and phagocytosis by three subtypes of sea urchin phagocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpotting disease infects a variety of sea urchin species across many different marine locations. The disease is characterized by discrete lesions on the body surface composed of discolored necrotic tissue that cause the loss of all surface appendages within the lesioned area. A similar, but separate disease of sea urchins called bald sea urchin disease (BSUD) has overlapping symptoms with spotting disease, resulting in confusions in distinguishing the two diseases. Previous studies have focus on identifying the underlying causative agent of spotting disease, which has resulted in the identification of a wide array of pathogenic bacteria that vary based on location and sea urchin species. Our aim was to investigate the spotting disease infection by characterizing the microbiomes of the animal surface and various tissues.
resultsWe collected samples of the global body surface, the lesion surface, lesioned and non-lesioned body wall, and coelomic fluid, in addition to samples from healthy sea urchins. 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced from the genomic DNA. Results show that the lesions are composed mainly of Cyclobacteriaceae, Cryomorphaceae, and a few other taxa, and that the microbial composition of lesions is the same for all infected sea urchins. Spotting disease also alters the microbial composition of the non-lesioned body wall and coelomic fluid of infected sea urchins. In our closed aquarium systems, sea urchins contracted spotting disease and BSUD separately and therefore direct comparisons could be made between the microbiomes from diseased and healthy sea urchins.
conclusionResults show that spotting disease and BSUD are separate diseases with distinct symptoms and distinct microbial compositions.
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